Topic
Ammonium perchlorate
About: Ammonium perchlorate is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2359 publications have been published within this topic receiving 33412 citations. The topic is also known as: AP.
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25 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the flame structure for a homogenized mixed composition based on ammonium perchlorate (APC) with a particle size <50 μm and polybutadiene rubber with terminal carboxyl groups with a ratio of components close to stoichiometric at a pressure of 0.08 atm.
Abstract: A study is made by means of the probe mass spectrometry method of the flame structure for a homogenized mixed composition based on ammonium perchlorate (APC) with a particle size <50 μm and polybutadiene rubber with terminal carboxyl groups with a ratio of components close to stoichiometric at a pressure of 0.08 atm. Temperature and concentration profiles are determined for seventeen stable components in a flame. Modelling is provided for flame structure for the mixtures in question and those studied previously based on solving a set of differential equations which describe flow of a reacting multicomponent gas taking account of thermal conductivity and diffusion, and also the kinetic mechanism containing 58 elementary stages and 35 components. Satisfactory agreement of calculated and experimental data is obtained. An estimate is provided for the rate constant of some little studied or entirely unstudied stages. The data obtained may be used in creating models for the combustion of mixed solid fuels based on APC.
25 citations
TL;DR: Hierarchical porous ZnO hollow microspheres assembled from nanorods with exposed (001) facets on their external surface were prepared in one pot by a simple low-temperature wet chemical method without templates.
Abstract: Hierarchical porous ZnO hollow microspheres assembled from nanorods with exposed (001) facets on their external surface were prepared in one pot by a simple low-temperature wet chemical method without templates. The formation mechanism based on their chemical self-transformation was proposed. Importantly, these ZnO hollow microspheres exhibited better catalytic activity for the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) than the dispersed ZnO nanorods by lowering its decomposition temperature from 409 °C to 308 °C and decreasing its activation energy from 150 ± 14 kJ mol−1 to 63 ± 7 kJ mol−1. This is attributed to their hierarchical porous structure with larger surface area and exposed (001) facets dominant on their external surface, which can facilitate the adsorption of HClO4 and NH3 gases from AP and the formation of active oxygen. The active oxygen will promote the oxidation reaction of NH3 more completely in AP decomposition, thus leading to a significant decrease in decomposition temperature and activation energy. Therefore, this work could provide a new insight into the thermal decomposition mechanism of AP catalyzed by hierarchical micro/nanostructures of metal oxides.
25 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the self-deflagration of the solid oxidizers hydroxylammonium perchlorate and hydrazine nitroform was investigated and the burning rate-pressure relationship was measured and combustion temperatures were determined.
Abstract: Experimental results are reported of the self-deflagration of the solid oxidizers hydroxylammonium perchlorate and hydrazine nitroform. The burning rate-pressure relationships were measured and combustion temperatures were determined. Quenching diameters were also measured for these two oxidizers plus ammonium perchlorate. Two findings of significance have emerged: first, hydroxylammonium perchlorate exhibits a low-pressure deflagration limit of 146 atm, analogous to the 20 atm limit of ammonium perchlorate. This high value obtains in spite of aflame temperature for HAP that is 100° higher than that of AP; and in spite of the fact that at pressures at which HAP does burn, it burns two to three times more rapidly than AP. Comparison of results for several oxidizers suggests that AP should be regarded as exhibiting an unusually low low-pressure limit. The second item of importance is an hypothesis that ammonium perchlorate deflagration occurs by a cellular mechanism. A simplified analysis of the AP...
25 citations
TL;DR: The flower-like Co 3 O 4 assembled with nano-leaves could be obtained through annealing the cobalt hydroxide carbonate precursor, which was first synthesized via one-pot hydrothermal route as discussed by the authors.
25 citations