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Ammonium perchlorate

About: Ammonium perchlorate is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2359 publications have been published within this topic receiving 33412 citations. The topic is also known as: AP.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a novel ceramic membrane anti-solvent crystallization (CMASC) method was proposed for the safe and rapid preparation ammonium perchlorate (AP) crystals, in which the acetone and ethyl acetate were chosen as solvent and antisolvent, respectively.

24 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of ammonium oxalate (AO) and strontium carbonate (SC) additives on the burning rate of AP/HTPB-based composite propellants was investigated by burning rate, TG-DTG and FTIR experiments.
Abstract: AP/HTPB based composite propellants with additives such as ammonium oxalate (AO), mixture of ammonium oxalate and strontium carbonate (SC) was investigated by burning rate, TG-DTG and FTIR experiments. The results show that the burning rates of these propellants are decreased significantly. TG-DTG experiments indicate that decomposition temperatures of AP with these additives are increased. Furthermore, the activation energy of the decomposition reaction of AP is also increased in the presence of AO or AO/SC. These results show that AO or AO/SC restrains the decomposition of AP. The burning rates of these propellants are decreased. The burning rate temperature sensitivity of AP/HTPB based propellants is reduced significantly by the addition of AO or AO/SC. But the effect of AO is less than that of AO/SC. AO/SC is better effect to reduce temperature sensitivity and at the same time, to reduce pressure exponent. The reduced heat release at the burning surface of AP/HTPB/AO is responsible for the reduced temperature sensitivity. Synergetic action is probably produced between AO and SC within AP/HTPB based propellants in the pressure range tested. This synergetic effect causes the heat release to reduce and the burning surface temperature to increase. Moreover, it makes the net exothermal reaction of condensed phase become little dependent on T0. Thus, the burning rate temperature sensitivity is reduced.

24 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of M-doped graphitic carbon nitride (M-g-C3N4, M = Fe, Nd, Ce, Zr, U) as a catalyst for the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate-based molecular perovskite DAP-4 was studied.

24 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, conductive, composite propellant-type, solid fuels are introduced and characterized for use in microactuators, and ignition is achieved with ammonium perchlorate-based fuels by passing electrical current through solid fuel compositions containing 20 vol.% graphite powder.
Abstract: In this work, conductive, composite propellant-type, solid fuels are introduced and characterized for use in microactuators. Ignition was achieved with ammonium perchlorate-based fuels by passing electrical current through solid fuel compositions containing 20 vol.% graphite powder. Feasibility of this fuel is also demonstrated with the ignition of preliminary combustors. The fuels tested consist of ammonium nitrate, ammonium perchlorate, or sodium azide as the main fuel component, hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene or glycidyl azide polymer as the binder, various rate modifying additives including magnesium powder and submicron-sized aluminum powder, as well as graphite powder, which enables the fuel to become conductive. The resultant fuel mixture serves to simplify device fabrication by allowing ignition to occur by passing current directly through the fuel sample from two MEMS fabricated electrodes as opposed to relying on the transfer of heat from external or imbedded igniters. Results of burn time and conductivity testing indicate that the addition of approximately 20% graphite by volume enables conventional composite propellants to become conductive. Also, the addition of graphite roughly doubles the overall decomposition time in fuels containing hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene and only slightly increases overall decomposition time in fuels containing glycidyl azide polymer.

24 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that in ammonium perchlorate propellents the important reactions leading to ignition are heterogeneous rather than homogeneous, and that in a catalysed propellent the reaction of ammonia and perchloric acid on the surface of the catalyst is the significant reaction.
Abstract: : The ignition of polyisobutene, polyurethane, polystyrene and polymethyl-methacrylate has been studied with oxygen gas and with perchloric acid vapour under the same experimental conditions. All these fuels ignited with perchloric acid vapour at 200-250C whereas ignitions with oxygen were only achieved at temperatures above 350C. Less volatile fuels such as carbon black, nylon and terylene also ignited with perchloric acid vapour at 200-250C. ignition of ammonia, methane, ethylene and isobutene was not achieved by perchloric acid vapour in the absence of a surface at 200-250C. In the presence of a surface the order of decreasing ignitability was ammonia, isobutene, ethylene, methane. Cupric chromate and ferric oxide were effective catalysts in the ignition of gaseous fuels with perchloric acid vapour. Titanium dioxide, silica and alumina had no detectable effect. It is concluded that in ammonium perchlorate propellents the important reactions leading to ignition are heterogeneous rather than homogeneous, and that in a catalysed propellent the reaction of ammonia and perchloric acid on the surface of the catalyst is the significant reaction. The results are discussed in relation to current theories of the mechanism of the ignition of composite solid propellents containing ammonium perchlorate.

24 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023106
2022209
2021100
2020113
2019100
201884