Topic
Amphibole
About: Amphibole is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 3868 publications have been published within this topic receiving 127894 citations. The topic is also known as: amphibole supergroup.
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TL;DR: The International Mineralogical Association's approved amphibole nomenclature has been revised to simplify it, make it more consistent with divisions generally at 50%, define prefixes and modifiers more precisely, and include new amphibole species discovered and named since 1978, when the previous scheme was approved.
Abstract: The International Mineralogical Association's approved amphibole nomenclature has been revised to simplify it, make it more consistent with divisions generally at 50%, define prefixes and modifiers more precisely, and include new amphibole species discovered and named since 1978, when the previous scheme was approved. The same reference axes form the basis of the new scheme and most names are little changed, but compound species names like tremolitic hornblende (now magnesiohornblende) are abolished, as are crossite (now glaucophane or ferroglaucophane or magnesioriebeckite or riebeckite), tirodite (now manganocummingtonite), and dannemorite (now manganogrunerite). The 50% rule has been broken only to retain tremolite and actinolite as in the 1978 scheme; the sodic-calcic amphibole range has therefore been expanded. Alkali amphiboles are now sodic amphiboles. The use of hyphens is defined. New amphibole names approved since 1978 include nyboite, leakeite, kornite, ungarettiite, sadanagaite, and cannilloite. All abandoned names are listed. The formulae and source of the amphibole end-member names are listed and procedures outlined to calculate Fe (super 3+) and Fe (super 2+) where not determined by analysis.
3,510 citations
TL;DR: The International Mineralogical Association's approved amphibole nomenclature has been revised to simplify it, make it more consistent with divisions generally at 50%, define prefixes and modifiers more precisely, and include new amphibole species discovered and named since 1978, when the previous scheme was approved.
Abstract: The International Mineralogical Association's approved amphibole nomenclature has been revised to simplify it, make it more consistent with divisions generally at 50%, define prefixes and modifiers more precisely, and include new amphibole species discovered and named since 1978, when the previous scheme was approved. The same reference axes form the basis of the new scheme and most names are little changed, but compound species names like tremolitic hornblende (now magnesiohornblende) are abolished, as are crossite (now glaucophane or ferroglaucophane or magnesioriebeckite or riebeckite), tirodite (now manganocummingtonite), and dannemorite (now manganogrunerite). The 50% rule has been broken only to retain tremolite and actinolite as in the 1978 scheme; the sodic-calcic amphibole range has therefore been expanded. Alkali amphiboles are now sodic amphiboles. The use of hyphens is defined. New amphibole names approved since 1978 include nyboite, leakeite, kornite, ungarettiite, sadanagaite, and cannilloite. All abandoned names are listed. The formulae and source of the amphibole end-member names are listed and procedures outlined to calculate Fe (super 3+) and Fe (super 2+) where not determined by analysis.
2,965 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, amphibole thermodynamics are approximated with the symmetric formalism (regular solution model for within-site non-ideality and a reciprocal solution for cross-site terms) in order to formulate improved thermometers for amphibole-plagioclase assemblages.
Abstract: Amphibole thermodynamics are approximated with the symmetric formalism (regular solution model for within-site non-ideality and a reciprocal solution model for cross-site-terms) in order to formulate improved thermometers for amphibole-plagioclase assemblages. This approximation provides a convenient framework with which to account for composition-dependence of the ideal (mixing-on-sites) equilibrium constants for the equilibria:
For A and B all possible within-site and cross-site interactions among the species □−K−Na−Ca−Mg−Fe2+−Fe3+−Al−Si on the A, M4, M1, M3, M2 and T1 amphibole crystallographic sites were examined. Of the 36 possible interaction energy terms, application of the symmetric formalism results in a dramatic simplification to eight independent parameters. Plagioclase nonideality is modelled using Darken's quadratic formalism. We have supplemented an experimental data set of 92 amphibole-plagioclase pairs with 215 natural pairs from igneous and metamorphic rocks in which the pressure and temperature of equilibration are well constrained. Regression of the combined dataset yields values for the eight interaction parameters as well as for apparent enthalpy, entropy and volume changes for each reaction. These parameters are used to formulate two new thermometers, which perform well (±40°C) in the range 400–1000°C and 1–15 kbar over a broad range of bulk compositions, including tschermakitic amphiboles from garnet amphibolites which caused problems for the simple thermometer of Blundy and Holland (1990). For silica-saturated rocks both thermometers may be applied: in silica-undersaturated rocks or magmas thermometer B alone can be applied. An improved procedure for estimation of ferric iron in calcic amphiboles is presented in the appendix.
2,039 citations
TL;DR: The A-type granitoid suites vary in composition from quartz syenites to peralkaline granites and their respective volcanic equivalents as mentioned in this paper, and the A-types are characterized by their relatively high alkali contents and low CaO contents.
1,282 citations
TL;DR: A-type granites are widely distributed in northeastern China (NE China). They were emplaced during three major episodes (the Permian, late Triassic to early Jurassic, and early Cretaceous) and evolved in different tectonic regimes.
1,093 citations