Amylase

About: Amylase is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 14164 publications have been published within this topic receiving 296069 citations.

Direct Production of Ethanol from Raw Corn Starch via Fermentation by Use of a Novel Surface-Engineered Yeast Strain Codisplaying Glucoamylase and α-Amylase

Abstract: Direct and efficient production of ethanol by fermentation from raw corn starch was achieved by using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae codisplaying Rhizopus oryzae glucoamylase and Streptococcus bovis alpha-amylase by using the C-terminal-half region of alpha-agglutinin and the flocculation functional domain of Flo1p as the respective anchor proteins. In 72-h fermentation, this strain produced 61.8 g of ethanol/liter, with 86.5% of theoretical yield from raw corn starch.

Starch Measurement in Plant Tissue Using Enzymatic Hydrolysis

Abstract: This work explored completeness of starch hydrolysis in situ in relation to degree of gelatinization, starch content of tissue, evailable enzyme activity, and time allowed for hydrolysis. Maximum hydrolysis of starch in lyophilized red oak (Quercus rubra L.) root tissue with purified Diazyme (amyloglucosidase) or Clarase (Takadiastase) required high enzyme activity (2.4 U Diazyme or 48 U Clarase per mg starch). Results suggested that at least 70 U Clarase or 5 U Diazyme should be used per mg starch in routine analyses. Neither prolonging gelatinization (more than 15 min) nor hydrolysis (more than 24 to 48 lh) offset inadequate starch hydrolysis caused by insufficient enzyme activity. Starch was completely hydrolyzed in situ after 48 h without gelatinization by 5 U of Diazyme per mg starch. Tissue weight (5 to 100 mg) had no effect on starch hydrolysis by sufficient enzyme. Methanol: chloroform: water (12:5:3 by volume) freed tissues of solubles before starch hydrolysis. No interference with the glucose oxidase analysis of hydrolysates was encountered. In addition, the pigment free methanol–water fractions (soluble sugars, amino acids, organic acids) and chloroform fractions (lipids and pigments) were available or further analysis. Results obtained with red oak were verified with issue from other species such as jack pine (Pinus banksiana lamb.) and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss). The resulting technique simply and reliably measured less than 5% starch in 5 mg lyophilized tissue, with a minimum of sample manipulation.

Intestinal sugar transport.

Abstract: Carbohydrates are an important component of the diet The carbohydrates that we ingest range from simple monosaccharides (glucose, fructose and galactose) to disaccharides (lactose, sucrose) to complex polysaccharides Most carbohydrates are digested by salivary and pancreatic amylases, and are further broken down into monosaccharides by enzymes in the brush border membrane (BBM) of enterocytes For example, lactase-phloridzin hydrolase and sucrase-isomaltase are two disaccharidases involved in the hydrolysis of nutritionally important disaccharides Once monosaccharides are presented to the BBM, mature enterocytes expressing nutrient transporters transport the sugars into the enterocytes This paper reviews the early studies that contributed to the development of a working model of intestinal sugar transport, and details the recent advances made in understanding the process by which sugars are absorbed in the intestine