Topic
Amylase
About: Amylase is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 14164 publications have been published within this topic receiving 296069 citations.
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TL;DR: The structures of three dromedary VHH domains in complex with porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase are reported to illustrate the versatility and efficiency of V HH domains as protein binders and enzyme inhibitors and are arguments in favor of their use as drugs against diabetes.
192 citations
TL;DR: There appear to be two pathways for the regulation of amylase release from pancreatic acinar cells: one pathway can be stimulated by cholecystokinin or cholinergic agonists, and the response to these stimuli is mediated by cyclic GMP.
Abstract: 1. A study has been made of factors influencing release of amylase from dispersed pancreatic acinar cells. 2. In the basal, unstimulated, condition cells released 2-3% of the total amylase present in 30 min. 3. The rate of amylase release was stimulated 50-70% by C-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK-OP, maximally effective concentration, 3 X 10(-10) M); carbamylcholine (maximally effective concentration, 10(-5 M); secretin (maximally effective concentration greater than 10(-6) M); vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, maximally effective concentration, 10(-8) M); and adenosine 3':5' monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and guanosine 3':5' monophosphate (cyclic GMP) as well as their dibutyryl derivatives (maximally effective concentrations, 10(-3) M). 4. The responses to CCK-OP or carbamylcholine were potentiated by secretin, VIP or dibutyryl cyclic AMP. 5. The responses to secretin or VIP were potentiated by CCK-OP, carbamylcholine, or dibutyryl cyclic GMP. 6. There appear to be two pathways for the regulation of amylase release from pancreatic acinar cells: one pathway can be stimulated by cholecystokinin or cholinergic agonists, and the response to these stimuli is mediated by cyclic GMP; the other pathway can be stimulated by secretin or VIP, and the response to these stimuli is mediated by cyclic AMP.
191 citations
TL;DR: This study shows for the first time that the molecular mechanisms which control the dietary adaptation of trypsin and amylase are independently regulated, age-dependent and influenced by the composition and the quantity of the diet.
Abstract: Specific activities and mRNA levels of trypsin and amylase were studied in sea bass larvae. From day 20 to day 40, Dicentrarchus labrax were fed two rations of one day old Artemia: satiation (LP) and one-eighth of the satiation ration (LP/8) or two isoenergetic compound diets that varied in protein (30 and 60%) and carbohydrate (37 and 7%) content (FP30 and FP60 respectively). Trypsin mRNA levels and specific activities were mainly influenced by the nature of dietary protein and the Artemia ration. By using fish meal as protein source, dietary protein concentration did not affect either mRNA level nor specific activity of trypsin. These results suggested that the trypsin synthesis was not affected at a transcriptional level by the protein ration, i.e., Artemia ration. Decrease in amylase mRNA observed from day 29 in the four dietary groups suggested that this decrease in amylase expression is genetically programmed during sea bass larvae development. Nevertheless, the composition and the quantity of the diet influenced the amylase specific activities revealing primarily translational regulation of amylase. This study shows for the first time that the molecular mechanisms which control the dietary adaptation of trypsin and amylase are independently regulated, age-dependent and influenced by the composition and the quantity of the diet.
191 citations
TL;DR: Amylase inhibitor activity (AIA) of chickpea extracts was investigated and showed higher inhibitor activity towards pancreatic amylase than salivary amylases, though clear-cut differences were not observed among- the cultivars.
Abstract: Amylase inhibitor activity (AIA) of chickpea extracts was investigated
usmg pancreatic and salivary amylases. The extracts showed
higher inhibitor activity towards pancreatic amylase than salivary
amylase..Mean values indicated slightly higher inhibitory activity in
desi than kabuli cultivars, though clear-cut differences were..not
observed among- the cultivars. While in vitro starch digestibility of
meal samples indicated no large differences among desi and kabuli
types of chickpea, the mean values of digestibility of- isolated
starches of kabuli -types wasp higher than those -of desi types: The
mean values of stachyose were higher in desi cultivars. When desi
and kabuli types were considered together, stachyose- and raffmose
contents were not found significantly related to the concentrations
of total soluble sugars while stachyose showed a significant correlation
with raftinose.
190 citations
TL;DR: The enzyme preparation had a strong digesting ability towards various raw starches and efficiently hydrolyzed raw corn starch at a concentration of 20% and pH 5.0, which were normally used in the starch industries, in a period of 12h.
189 citations