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Amylase

About: Amylase is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 14164 publications have been published within this topic receiving 296069 citations.


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Patent
10 Feb 1994
TL;DR: In this paper, the mutant alpha-amylase mutants derived from the DNA sequences of naturally occurring or recombinant alpha amylases are disclosed, which have altered oxidative stability and pH performance profiles and/or altered thermal stability as compared to the precursor.
Abstract: Novel alpha-amylase mutants derived from the DNA sequences of naturally occurring or recombinant alpha-amylases are disclosed. The mutant alpha-amylases, in general, are obtained by in vitro modifications of a precursor DNA sequence encoding the naturally occurring or recombinant alpha-amylase to generate the substitution (replacement) or deletion of one or more oxidizable amino acid residues in the amino acid sequence of a precursor alpha-amylase. Such mutant alpha-amylases have altered oxidative stability and/or altered pH performance profiles and/or altered thermal stability as compared to the precursor. Also disclosed are detergent and starch liquefaction compositions comprising the mutant amylases, as well as methods of using the mutant amylases.

408 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that the decreased response (desensitization) is a postreceptor phenomenon and possibly mediated by Ca2+ itself.
Abstract: Isolated pancreatic acini were prepared by a new method from mouse and rat pancreases by digestion with purified collagenase and chymotrypsin followed by mechanical shearing. Acini were structurally similar to those of the intact pancreas, having a normal luminal structure but with the basal acinar cell membranes exposed to the incubation medium. Amylase release in response to both cholinergic analogues and the cholecystokinin analogues caerulein and pentagastrin was comparable to that of the intact pancreas, but was much greater than previously reported for isolated acinar cells. Cholinergic-stimulated release was inhibited by atropine with a Ki value of 1.4 nM which is comparable to other muscarinic receptors. All agonists tested, when added at supramaximal concentrations, produced a submaximal release of amylase even though ATP levels and the release of slowly exchanging 45Ca2+ were normal or increased. Acini releasing amylase submaximally after being exposed to supramaximal concentrations of carbachol failed to respond to a maximal amount of caerulein or to the Ca2+ ionophore A23187. It is concluded that the decreased response (desensitization) is a postreceptor phenomenon and possibly mediated by Ca2+ itself.

408 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a method was devised in which the specific hydrolysis of starch completely to glucose is achieved by means of an amyloglucosidase, and the contents of α-linked glucose polymers in a number of biological samples were determined.
Abstract: A review of methods available for the determination of starch suggested, for reasons given, that none was satisfactory for the determination of α-linked glucose polymers in biological materials. Therefore, a method was devised in which the specific hydrolysis of starch completely to glucose is achieved by means of an amyloglucosidase. Glucose is estimated using glucose oxidase. Contents of α-linked glucose polymers in a number of biological samples were determined, and compared with those obtained using 0.36 N-H2SO4 to effect hydrolysis.

396 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The findings show that certain naturally occurring flavonoids act as inhibitors of human alpha-amylase, which makes them promising candidates for controlling the digestion of starch and postprandial glycemia.
Abstract: In this study we investigated the structural requirements for inhibition of human salivary alpha-amylase by flavonoids. Four flavonols and three flavones, out of the 19 flavonoids tested, exhibited IC50 values less than 100 microM against human salivary alpha-amylase activity. Structure-activity relationships of these inhibitors by computational ligand docking showed that the inhibitory activity of flavonols and flavones depends on (i) hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups of the polyphenol ligands and the catalytic residues of the binding site and (ii) formation of a conjugated pi-system that stabilizes the interaction with the active site. Our findings show that certain naturally occurring flavonoids act as inhibitors of human alpha-amylase, which makes them promising candidates for controlling the digestion of starch and postprandial glycemia.

388 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article reviews the important industrial uses of starch and starch processing in industry and discusses the main enzymes involved in starch degradation, commercially available amylolytic enzymes, thermostable enzymes from mesophilic and thermophilic microorganisms, and microbial fermentation systems used in amymolytic enzyme biosynthesis.

377 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20241
2023460
2022976
2021308
2020347
2019328