AND gate

About: AND gate is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 11860 publications have been published within this topic receiving 109726 citations.

All-optical logic gates containing a two-mode nonlinear waveguide

Abstract: We propose a new element containing a two-mode nonlinear waveguide consisting of Kerr-like material for all-optical logic circuits. The proposed element, incorporated into the Mach-Zehnder interferometer, functions like a phase shifter. Although the optical waves propagating in the proposed element are monochromatic and identical in polarization, its function is insensitive to the relative phase difference between the incident beams. Using this element, we can realize various logic functions. In this paper, we demonstrate such logic circuits as inverters, distributors, and AND gates.

Overlapping rules and logic variables in functional logic programs

Abstract: Functional logic languages extend purely functional languages with two features: operations defined by overlapping rules and logic variables in both defining rules and expressions to evaluate. In this paper, we show that only one of these features is sufficient in a core language. On the one hand, overlapping rules can be eliminated by introducing logic variables in rules. On the other hand, logic variables can be eliminated by introducing operations defined by overlapping rules. The proposed transformations between different classes of programs not only give a better understanding of the features of functional logic programs but also may simplify implementations of functional logic languages.

Probabilistic error propagation in logic circuits using the Boolean difference calculus

Abstract: A gate level probabilistic error propagation model is presented which takes as input the Boolean function of the gate, the signal and error probabilities of the gate inputs, and the gate error probability and produces the error probability at the output of the gate. The presented model uses the Boolean difference calculus and can be applied to the problem of calculating the error probability at the primary outputs of a multi-level Boolean circuit with a time complexity which is linear in the number of gates in the circuit. This is done by starting from the primary inputs and moving toward the primary outputs by using a post-order traversal. Experimental results demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed approach compared to the other known methods for error calculation in VLSI circuits.

Experimental logical gates in a reaction-diffusion medium: the XOR gate and beyond.

Abstract: We exploit the particulars of diffusive wave front interactions in certain types of two-reactant reaction-diffusion medium to construct a laboratory prototype of an XOR gate. In the design, the values of the logic variables are represented by the presence or absence of a precipitate, “wires” are constructed of a substrate loaded gel, and the computation is based on diffusive wave dynamics. We also discuss implementation of AND gate and study a three-valued composition, derived from the gate dynamic, and discuss possible logics that could be derived from this composition. © 2002 The American Physical Society.

Dynamic internal testing of CMOS circuits using hot luminescence

Abstract: Subnanosecond pulses of hot electron luminescence are shown to be generated coincident with logic state switching of individual devices in CMOS circuits. These pulses are used to directly observe 90 ps gate delays in a ring oscillator as well as the logic switching and gate delays of a counter. By use of a detector with both space- and time-resolution, the dynamics of all the gates of the circuit are simultaneously measured. This noninvasive technique can be extended to smaller device size, as well as probing from the backside of the wafer. The optical emission may provide an alternative to electron beam testing for measuring the dynamics of high-speed CMOS circuits.