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Animal mortality
About: Animal mortality is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 526 publications have been published within this topic receiving 14887 citations.
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TL;DR: The study of toxic features of Koordersiodendron pinnatum is vital for further studies of its pharmacological activities and toxic effects of the extract were evaluated on the basis of behavioral observations in the form of locomotor activity; curiosity; defecation; urination and also animal mortality.
Abstract: The study of toxic features of Koordersiodendron pinnatum is vital for further studies of its pharmacological activities. Acute toxicity test was done on methanolic extracts of K. pinnatum in DDY mice. Animals were grouped into five: Group 1 was given 1 mL solution of 2.5% Tween 80 in a single oral dose; the remaining groups were orally given a single dose of 2, 4, 8 and 16 g/kg of K. pinnatum, respectively. Toxic effects of the extract were evaluated on the basis of behavioral observations in the form of locomotor activity; curiosity; defecation; urination and also animal mortality. Observations were carried out for 14 days. No significant changes on body weight, and behavioural activities were recorded. Mortality was recorded up to 2% of the male group, and no mortality within the female group. The extract is practically non toxic for both male and female (LD50>15 g/kg).
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of the combined herbal drug Pancreo-Plant® at a dose of 72 mg/kg and the comparison drug silymarin at 25 mg/ kg on animal mortality, cytolysis activity, free radical oxidation, and functional activity of the liver in the conditions of acute experimental ischemia have been studied.
Abstract: In this experimental study, the effects of the combined herbal drug Pancreo-Plant® at a dose of 72 mg/kg and the comparison drug silymarin at a dose of 25 mg/ kg on animal mortality, cytolysis activity, free radical oxidation, and functional activity of the liver in the conditions of acute experimental ischemia have been studied. A pronounced antioxidant effect of the studied agent has been found which was manifested in the reduction of the lipid peroxidation products content, namely thiobarbituric acid products and diene conjugates and normalization of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic chains of endogenous antioxidant protection (reduced glutathione, catalase). In the case of acute liver failure, Pancreo-Plant® exhibited a significant anti-cytolytic effect, restored carbohydrate metabolism and protein-synthetic function of the liver. It was found that the total hepatoprotective activity of the combined herbal drug Pancreo-Plant® exceeded the activity of the comparison drug silymarin.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrate that the energy budget may be a limiting factor for the prolongation and safe recovery from the hypometabolic state of torpor in non-hibernating mice.
Abstract: The possibility of artificial induction of a torpid state in animals that do not naturally do so, as well as in humans, offers a great potential in biomedicine and in human spaceflight. However, the mechanisms of action that provide a coordinated and concomitant downregulation with a safe recovery from this state are poorly understood. In our previous study, we demonstrated that the metabolic rate of mice can be reduced by nearly 94% and can remain stable under hypothermic conditions for a prolonged period of up to 11 h. The present study was carried out in order to test the limitations and identify potential factors that can enable the safe and reversible arousal of non-hibernating mice from deep artificially-induced torpor to an active state. Results demonstrate that the energy budget may be a limiting factor for the prolongation and safe recovery from the hypometabolic state. While the continuation of torpor may be possible for additional hours, we found that a reduction of 40% or more in the plasma glucose level increases the risk of heart fibrillation, which results in death during arousal. Therefore, the plasma glucose level could be a component of the criteria indicating the reversibility of torpor. Another important factor complementing the energetic necessity that may limit the duration of torpor in mice is a gradual reduction in body mass during torpor. Under the conditions of our experiment, body mass declines by nearly 15% after 16 h from the initiation of torpor and may continue to decline if the mice are allowed to remain in torpor longer. Extrapolation of this data suggests that there may be a critical mass relating to animal mortality and thus limiting the duration of torpor. Control and maintenance of the body mass and glucose level in a torpid animal may extend the longevity of torpor and mitigate the risk of cardiac failure during rewarming to the metabolically active state. The cardiac complications that occur during arousal from torpor in many cases could be mitigated and even avoided by applying appropriate temperature-arising kinetics and providing a sufficient dynamic range to maintain cardiac output.
01 Jan 2021
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors emphasized the insight of communicable and non-communicable animal diseases and their detection through nano-biosensing devices and discussed some important animal diseases.
Abstract: Diseases are either communicable or non-communicable. Communicable diseases or infectious diseases are caused by interactions between two living organisms whereas non-communicable diseases are either hereditary or due to the living environment of animals. Animals are very susceptible to various types of infections and pathogens may live outside or inside their body very conveniently. Epidemic diseases affect animal herd, livestock and the leading cause of animal mortality which may result in significant losses to the agricultural economy. Animal diseases are a matter of concern due to the direct effect on the economy as well as the possibility of pathogen transmission in humans. The accurate detection of animal diseases is an important factor to control diseases in livestock and in wild animals. Disease diagnosis in animals is very challenging and based on the variety of examinations and tests. In this context, nano-biosensors exhibit better disease detection capacity than conventional methods. Nano-biosensors show high sensitivity, stability, reproducibility with a lower limit of detection. This chapter emphasized the insight of communicable and non-communicable animal diseases and their detection through nano-biosensing devices. Some important animal diseases are discussed along with a description of developed nano-biosensors for them. Nano-biosensor functionalized with disease-related biomarkers performed better than any other conventional methods in various aspects.
01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: In a carcass compost pile, the animal is concealed under a blanket of organic material to promote decomposition at elevated temperatures by naturally occurring microbes such as bacteria and fungi as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Introduction Animal producers and veterinarians have limited options for managing dead animals. For example, some states prohibit the burial of routine poultry mortality, and rendering services are becoming expensive and harder to access in the rural areas. Other mortality disposal methods such as incineration and chemical digestion may be expensive and complicated to use on the farm. Animal mortality composting is a simple, low-cost disposal method and its end product can be land applied as fertilizer and soil amendment. In a carcass compost pile, the animal is concealed under a blanket of organic material to promote decomposition at elevated temperatures by naturally occurring microbes such as bacteria and fungi. This paper discusses the carcass compost pile characteristics such as composition, porosity, structure, and other factors that influence the conditions for proper carcass biodegradation, inactivation of pathogens, and prevention of environmental pollution.