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Animal mortality

About: Animal mortality is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 526 publications have been published within this topic receiving 14887 citations.


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01 May 1976
TL;DR: The smoke density chamber is perhaps the most widely used apparatus for smoke measurements as mentioned in this paper, and because of its availability, it has been proposed as an apparatus for evaluating fire toxicity, but the standard apparatus and procedure were not found suitable for toxicity screening tests using laboratory animals, because not enough materials of interest produced animal mortality or even incapacitation under standard test conditions.
Abstract: The smoke density chamber is perhaps the most widely used apparatus for smoke measurements. Because of its availability, it has been proposed as an apparatus for evaluating fire toxicity. The standard apparatus and procedure were not found suitable for toxicity screening tests using laboratory animals, because not enough materials of interest produced animal mortality or even incapacitation under standard test conditions. With modifications, the chamber offers greater promise as a screening tool, but other tests specifically designed to measure relative toxicity may be more cost-effective. Where one-dimensional heat flux is a requirement, the chamber is the most suitable apparatus available. It should be improved in regard to visibility of animals and ease of cleaning.

4 citations

01 Jan 1986
TL;DR: The model has predicted human LD/sub 50/s of 194, 250, 310, and 360 rad to marrow when the exposure time is a minute, an hour, a day, and a week, respectively.
Abstract: This paper reviews new estimates of the L/sub 50/ in man by Mole and by Rotblat, the biological processes contributing to hematologic death, the collection of animal experiments dealing with hematologic death, and the use of regression analysis to make new estimates of human mortality based on all relevant animal studies. Regression analysis of animal mortality data has shown that mortality is dependent strongly on dose rate, species, body weight, and time interval over which the exposure is delivered. The model has predicted human LD/sub 50/s of 194, 250, 310, and 360 rad to marrow when the exposure time is a minute, an hour, a day, and a week, respectively.

4 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a total of 484,193 lots involving 73,067,534 cattle were used to illustrate mortality, and average days-on-feed at death by placement weight, sex, and cause of death (respiratory, digestive, and acute interstitial pneumonia) were calculated from these records.
Abstract: Feedlot closeout records from January 2005 through September 2014 were summarized. A total of 484,193 lots involving 73,067,534 cattle were used to illustrate mortality. Mortality rate and average days-on-feed at death by placement weight, sex, and cause of death (respiratory, digestive, and acute interstitial pneumonia) were calculated from these records. Mortality averaged 1.56 and 1.43% in heifers and steers, respectively. Mortality trends were seasonal; respiratory mortality was highest in late fall and early winter, digestive mortality was highest in late spring, and AIP mortality was greatest during summer months. Mortality during the first 30 days of the feeding period averaged 0.40% and 0.35% for heifers and steers, respectively. Mortality in the mid-portion of the feeding period, the last 31 to 60 days, and the last 30 days of feed averaged 0.70%, 0.20%, and 0.26% for heifers and 0.70%, 0.18%, and 0.21% for steers, respectively. These data suggest animal mortality is not isolated to the receiving period and occurs at comparable rates thereafter.

4 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors used the king quail as an animal model to determine if chronic dietary exposure to crude oil in a parental population would affect morpho-physiological phenotypic variables in their immediate offspring generation.
Abstract: Despite the current knowledge of the devastating effects of external exposure to crude oil on animal mortality, the study of developmental, transgenerational effects of such exposure has received little attention. We used the king quail as an animal model to determine if chronic dietary exposure to crude oil in a parental population would affect morpho-physiological phenotypic variables in their immediate offspring generation. Adult quail were separated into three groups: (1) Control, and two experimental groups dietarily exposed for at least 3 weeks to (2) Low (800 PAH ng/g food), or (3) High (2,400 PAH ng/g food) levels of crude oil. To determine the parental influence on their offspring, we measured metabolic and respiratory physiology in exposed parents and in their non-exposed eggs and hatchlings. Body mass and numerous metabolic (e.g., O2 consumption, CO2 production) and respiratory (e.g., ventilation frequency and volume) variables did not vary between control and oil exposed parental groups. In contrast, blood PO2, PCO2, and SO2 varied among parental groups. Notably, water loss though the eggshell was increased in eggs from High oil level exposed parents. Respiratory variables of hatchlings did not vary between populations, but hatchlings obtained from High oil-exposed parents exhibited lower capacities to maintain body temperature while exposed to a cooling protocol in comparison to hatchlings from Low- and Control-derived parents. The present study demonstrates that parental exposure to crude oil via diet impacts some aspects of physiological performance of the subsequent first (F 1 ) generation.

4 citations

Patent
30 Jan 2008
TL;DR: In this paper, a method to construct a breast cancer immunodeficiency mouse model has been proposed, which has a short construction period, high tumor formation rate, low animal mortality, simple and easy construction method and low cost.
Abstract: The present invention relates to the technical field of medical evaluation and detection. The invention discloses a method to prepare a breast cancer immunodeficiency mouse model, which establishes a human breast cancer cell Nod-SCID mouse model firstly and successfully at home and abroad by regular injection of estrogen preparations to the immunodeficiency mice and transplant of the breast cancer cells after thereof. The breast cancer immunodeficiency mouse model constructed by the invention has short construction period, high tumor formation rate, low animal mortality, simple and easy construction method and low cost, and thus is an ideal breast cancer immunotherapy animal model.

4 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202129
202025
201924
201822
201724
201620