Annotation

About: Annotation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 6719 publications have been published within this topic receiving 203463 citations. The topic is also known as: note & markup.

Method and system for providing side notes in word processing

Abstract: A word processing object on a data processing system has a body consisting of text (and perhaps graphics). The body has right and left side margins. A user can select a location in the body and provide an annotation in a side margin. The annotation is located adjacent to the selected body location. The annotation is associated with the selected body location so that subsequent editing or pagination of the body maintains the annotation adjacent to the selected body location. The annotation can contain text and graphics. The annotation can be edited. The annotation can be displayed and printed either by itself or in context with the body. The annotation can also be formatted to be displayed or printed in a form different from the body. The annotation can be made to appear in alternating side margins (for example, left margin, right margin, left margin, etc.) of successive pages of the body.

Comparative Annotation Toolkit (CAT)-simultaneous clade and personal genome annotation.

Abstract: The recent introductions of low-cost, long-read, and read-cloud sequencing technologies coupled with intense efforts to develop efficient algorithms have made affordable, high-quality de novo sequence assembly a realistic proposition. The result is an explosion of new, ultracontiguous genome assemblies. To compare these genomes, we need robust methods for genome annotation. We describe the fully open source Comparative Annotation Toolkit (CAT), which provides a flexible way to simultaneously annotate entire clades and identify orthology relationships. We show that CAT can be used to improve annotations on the rat genome, annotate the great apes, annotate a diverse set of mammals, and annotate personal, diploid human genomes. We demonstrate the resulting discovery of novel genes, isoforms, and structural variants-even in genomes as well studied as rat and the great apes-and how these annotations improve cross-species RNA expression experiments.

The CLEF 2011 Photo Annotation and Concept-based Retrieval Tasks.

Abstract: The ImageCLEF 2011 Photo Annotation and Concept-based Retrieval Tasks pose the challenge of an automated annotation of Flickr images with 99 visual concepts and the retrieval of images based on query topics. The participants were provided with a training set of 8,000 images including annotations, EXIF data, and Flickr user tags. The an- notation challenge was performed on 10,000 images, while the retrieval challenge considered 200,000 images. Both tasks dierentiate among ap- proaches that consider solely visual information, approaches that rely only on textual information in form of image metadata and user tags, and multi-modal approaches that combine both information sources. The relevance assessments were acquired with a crowdsourcing approach and the evaluation followed two evaluation paradigms: per concept and per example. In total, 18 research teams participated in the annotation chal- lenge with 79 submissions. The concept-based retrieval task was tackled by 4 teams that submitted a total of 31 runs. Summarizing the results, the annotation task could be solved with a MiAP of 0.443 in the multi- modal conguration, with a MiAP of 0.388 in the visual conguration, and with a MiAP of 0.346 in the textual conguration. The concept- based retrieval task was solved best with a MAP of 0.164 using multi- modal information and a manual intervention in the query formulation. The best completely automated approach achieved 0.085 MAP and uses solely textual information. Results indicate that while the annotation task shows promising results, the concept-based retrieval task is much harder to solve, especially for specic information needs.

Annotating Search Results from Web Databases

Abstract: An increasing number of databases have become web accessible through HTML form-based search interfaces. The data units returned from the underlying database are usually encoded into the result pages dynamically for human browsing. For the encoded data units to be machine processable, which is essential for many applications such as deep web data collection and Internet comparison shopping, they need to be extracted out and assigned meaningful labels. In this paper, we present an automatic annotation approach that first aligns the data units on a result page into different groups such that the data in the same group have the same semantic. Then, for each group we annotate it from different aspects and aggregate the different annotations to predict a final annotation label for it. An annotation wrapper for the search site is automatically constructed and can be used to annotate new result pages from the same web database. Our experiments indicate that the proposed approach is highly effective.

I-CAB: the Italian Content Annotation Bank

Abstract: In this paper we present work in progress for the creation of the Italian Content Annotation Bank (I-CAB), a corpus of Italian news annotated with semantic information at different levels. The first level is represented by temporal expressions, the second level is represented by different types of entities (i.e. person, organizations, locations and geo-political entities), and the third level is represented by relations between entities (e.g. the affiliation relation connecting a person to an organization). So far I-CAB has been manually annotated with temporal expressions, person entities and organization entities. As we intend I-CAB to become a benchmark for various automatic Information Extraction tasks, we followed a policy of reusing already available markup languages. In particular, we adopted the annotation schemes developed for the ACE Entity Detection and Time Expressions Recognition and Normalization tasks. As the ACE guidelines have originally been developed for English, part of the effort consisted in adapting them to the specific morpho-syntactic features of Italian. Finally, we have extended them to include a wider range of entities, such as conjunctions.