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Topic

Annotation

About: Annotation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 6719 publications have been published within this topic receiving 203463 citations. The topic is also known as: note & markup.


Papers
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Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: This paper addresses the problem of automatically enriching legal texts with semantic annotation with illustration of SALEM (Semantic Annotation for LEgal Management), a computational system developed for automated semantic annotation of (Italian) law texts.
Abstract: In this paper we address the problem of automatically enriching legal texts with semantic annotation, an essential pre–requisite to effective indexing and retrieval of legal documents. This is done through illustration of SALEM (Semantic Annotation for LEgal Management), a computational system developed for automated semantic annotation of (Italian) law texts. SALEM is an incremental system using Natural Language Processing techniques to perform two tasks: i) classify law paragraphs according to their regulatory content, and ii) extract relevant text fragments corresponding to specific semantic roles that are relevant for the different types of regulatory content. The paper sketches the overall architecture of SALEM and reports results of a preliminary case study on a sample of Italian law texts.

39 citations

Patent
23 Sep 2011
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose methods of facilitating the discovery of relationships between/among participants within systems for annotating visual media objects to create new associations, communities, and other relationships.
Abstract: Methods of facilitating the discovery of relationships between/among participants within systems for annotating visual media objects to create new associations, communities, and other relationships. These methods include processing annotations, metadata, and/or other information using one or more aggregate-behavior-visualization algorithms and displaying aggregate -behavior visualizations to users. These visualizations allow users to seek out and discover relationships and provide unique knowledge assets useful for a variety of purposes, including creating smart documents and fostering learning.

39 citations

Book ChapterDOI
02 Oct 2009
TL;DR: A comparison of the online annotations with paper-based annotations provides several insights in user needs for enhanced online annotation tools, from which design guidelines can be drawn.
Abstract: While reading documents, people commonly make annotations: they underline or highlight text and write comments in the margin. Making annotations during reading activities has been shown to be an efficient method for aiding understanding and interpretation. In this paper we present a comparison of paper-based and online annotations in the workplace. Online annotations were collected in a laboratory study, making use of the Web-based annotation tool SpreadCrumbs. A field study was out to gather paper-based annotations. The results validate the benefits of Web annotations. A comparison of the online annotations with paper-based annotations provides several insights in user needs for enhanced online annotation tools, from which design guidelines can be drawn.

39 citations

01 Jan 2009
TL;DR: Mesitylene cannot be separated from 4-ethyl toluene by distillation because of the proximity of their boiling points, but effective agents are isopropyl palmitate, triacetin and methyl salicylate.
Abstract: Mesitylene cannot be separated from 4-ethyl toluene by distillation because of the proximity of their boiling points. They are readily separated by azeotropic distillation. Effective agents are isopropyl palmitate, triacetin and methyl salicylate.

39 citations

Patent
14 May 2007
TL;DR: In this paper, the annotation mask, same size as the image, is initialized to a monochrome default and the color depth information for obscured pixels is saved within the mask.
Abstract: Data associated with pixels obscured by annotations in an annotated image is stored using an annotation mask enabling annotation-aware applications to reconstruct the original image, while annotation-unaware applications can display the annotated image with optimized increase in extra data to be stored. The annotation mask, same size as the image, is initialized to a monochrome default and the color depth information for obscured pixels saved within the annotation mask. Because a majority area of the annotation mask is monochrome, it compresses well and the obscured image content can be saved in a side channel, metadata header, or a separate file. During reconstruction, changes to annotated image such as rotation, size change, and the like, may be detected and accounted for when obscured image content is carried over to the annotated image for reconstruction.

39 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20231,461
20223,073
2021305
2020401
2019383
2018373