Showing papers on "Annoyance published in 1972"

Individual Differences in Annoyance by Noise

Abstract: This paper discusses correlations found in a number of investigations of noise annoyance, with special reference to the question whether those who are most annoyed show neurotic tendencies. In the past, this last association has been suggested because neurotic individuals give more affirmative answers when asked under quiet conditions how much they are annoyed by a variety of circumstances, including noise. Such a questionnaire of annoyances was therefore correlated with(1) the average rating of a number of real aircraft(2) the increase in rated annoyance as a function of physical intensity for a variety of sounds(3) various other measures of personality.While it was confirmed that a questionnaire of this kind tends to be answered more affirmatively by people with neurotic tendencies, it did not predict satisfactorily the amount of annoyance produced by real aircraft or other sounds. Thus it may indeed be that people who complain when noise levels are relatively low have neurotic tendencies: but it does n...

Development of a noise annoyance sensitivity scale

Abstract: Examining the problem of noise pollution from the psychological rather than the engineering view, a test of human sensitivity to noise was developed against the criterion of noise annoyance. Test development evolved from a previous study in which biographical, attitudinal, and personality data was collected on a sample of 166 subjects drawn from the adult community of Raleigh. Analysis revealed that only a small subset of the data collected was predictive of noise annoyance. Item analysis yielded 74 predictive items that composed the preliminary noise sensitivity test. This was administered to a sample of 80 adults who later rate the annoyance value of six sounds (equated in terms of peak sound pressure level) presented in a simulated home, living-room environment. A predictive model involving 20 test items was developed using multiple regression techniques, and an item weighting scheme was evaluated.

Motor vehicle noise: identification and analysis of situations contributing to annoyance

Abstract: AN INTERVIEW SURVEY OF 1200 RESPONDENTS IN THREE CITIES IDENTIFIED 12 VEHICLE TYPE/NOISE SOURCE/ OPERATING MODE SITUATIONS CAUSING VARIOUS DEGREES OF ANNOYANCE. EACH SITUATION WAS ASSIGNED TO ONE OF THREE CATEGORIES OF ANNOYANCE SENSITIVITY DEPENDING UPON THE ATTITUDINAL FACTORS RELATED TO THE SOURCE. EACH CATEGORY HAD A LINEAR RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NOISE INTENSITY AND ANNOYANCE. NOISE MEASUREMENTS INDICATED THAT THE RESPONDENT, IN GENERAL, PROPERLY IDENTIFIED THE TYPES AND MAGNITUDES OF NOISE SOURCES FOUND AT THEIR SITES. /AUTHOR/

Individual Differences in the Annoyance of Noise

Abstract: Among the factors influencing individual appraisals of noise intrusion or annoyance are the information contained in the noise, the person's conditioning, and his interpretation of what the noise represents. His previous adaptation to the noise, and his expectations as to the level and the difficulty of quieting it also affect his estimate. Cultural differences in conversational voice level and speaking distance affect the evaluation of background noise. Daily and monthly rhythms occur in sensitivity. All of these factors serve as a caution that the individual response may depart from the “average” reaction.

Predicting community response to blast noise

Abstract: A preliminary method is given to predict annoyance levels in the environs of a blasting area. The means are given to scale X pounds of TNT to 1 lb of TNT; buried charges and above ground detonations are also considered. Various ways to predict probable blast overpressure and spectrum as a function of distance on days exhibiting adverse weather conditions are considered. The annoyance of man by blast noise is predicted using the composite noise rating (CNR) and, for this calculation, the impulsive noise startle correction factor suggested by Kryter is added to the perceived noise level. Blast noise case histories are considered for verification of the prediction method, and the prediction method is suitable for computer computation of “equal annoyance” contours.

A survey into the annoyance caused by aircraft noise and road traffic noise

Abstract: The results of a social survey designed to investigate the influence of background (road traffic) noise on annoyance due to aircraft noise, and on general dissatisfaction with the total noise environment are presented. Nine sites with 3 aircraft and 3 traffic conditions were selected and 35 people per site interviewed. The regression lines for site mean aircraft annoyance scores (Guttman Scale) for each traffic condition show that the same annoyance score is achieved at an aircraft exposure 10 NNI lower, when traffic is reduced from heavy to access only. The general noise dissatisfaction shows an increase with traffic at low NNI, but a decrease at high NNI. The use of the noise pollution level unit satisfactorily explains this result, increasing the correlation coefficient for the grouped data from 0.94 against NNI to 0.96. (Author)

Community response to aircraft noise.

Abstract: Organized community resistance to any plan of airport development has become so intense that noise exposure is a primary consideration in plans for new airports, runway extensions, and the introduction of new types of aircraft. Approaches for evaluating the amount of aircraft noise and the annoyance produced by it are discussed. The sociometric studies considered show that fear of crash is the strongest single variable.

A methodology for computation of the environmental capacity of roadway networks

Abstract: IN EVALUATING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS FOR THE URBAN CORRIDOR DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM IN LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY, IT BECAME NECESSARY TO DEVELOP A PROCEDURE THAT WOULD DIRECTLY CORRELATE THE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM WITH THE ENVIRONMENT THROUGH WHICH IT PASSES. THIS METHODOLOGY WAS NECESSARY BECAUSE ROADWAY AND TRANSIT IMPROVEMENTS COULD ONLY BE MADE TO SURFACE STREETS; NO FREEWAY FACILITY DIRECTLY SERVES THIS AREA. CHANGES IN TRAFFIC ON SURFACE STREETS DIRECTLY AFFECT THE ENVIRONMENT OF THOSE PEOPLE LIVING, WORKING, OR SHOPPING ADJACENT TO THE FACILITY. THESE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS MUST BE QUANTIFIED IN ORDER TO PROPERLY EVALUATE THE TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENTS. A METHODOLOGY WAS DEVELOPED WHEREBY STREET SEGMENTS WERE STRATIFIED BASED ON ROADWAY AND LAND USE CHARACTERISTICS. PEOPLE RESIDING, WORKING, OR SHOPPING ADJACENT TO THESE STREET "PROTOTYPES" WERE QUESTIONED IN SUCH A WAY AS TO DEVELOP AN ANNOYANCE INDEX FOR EACH PROTOTYPE. THIS ANNOYANCE INDEX RELATED PEOPLE'S PERCEPTIONS OF NOISE, AIR POLLUTION, AND SAFETY TO THE LEVEL OF TRAFFIC ON THE STREET. THROUGH PREVIOUS QUESTIONNAIRES THE ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA OF NOISE, AIR POLLUTION, AND SAFETY WERE FOUND TO BE MOST SIGNIFICANT WHEN RELATED TO TRAFFIC. SIMILAR STREET PROTOTYPES WITH VARIOUS LEVELS OF TRAFFIC WERE STUDIED, AND RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ANNOYANCE AND TRAFFIC VOLUME WERE THEN DEVELOPED FOR EACH PROTOTYPE. FROM THESE RELATIONSHIPS, AN "ENVIRONMENTAL CAPACITY" EXPRESSED IN VEHICLES PER DAY WAS ESTABLISHED FOR EACH ROADWAY SEGMENT IN THE STUDY AREA. THESE RESULTS WERE USED TO EVALUATE THE EFFECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT OF VARIOUS TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENTS CONSIDERED. /AUTHOR/

Maximum noise abatement trajectories.

Abstract: Minimum noise annoyance trajectories for developing STOL operation procedures are obtained by modulating five control variables in two dimensions. The performance index is formulated such that it explicitly assigns the same relative importance to thrust as it does to distances between discrete listeners and the aircraft. However, using a steepest descent optimization program, results indicate that it is preferable to keep the thrusters at their maximum value to minimize the integrated annoyance rather than to reduce thrust which would lower the instantaneous annoyance. Thrust decreases below its bound only when the instantaneous noise at a listener is limited.

Evaluation of noise pollution level based upon community exposure and response data

Abstract: The results and procedures are reported from an evaluation of noise pollution level as a predictor of annoyance, based on aircraft noise exposure and community response data. The measures of noise exposure presented include composite noise rating, noise exposure forecast, noise and number index. A proposed measure as a universal noise exposure measure for noise pollution level (L sub NP) is discussed.