Antecedent (grammar)

About: Antecedent (grammar) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1392 publications have been published within this topic receiving 41824 citations.

Relative connectives in present-day english: a corpus-based analysis

Abstract: The main objective of this study is to analyse the most important aspects which determine the selection of relative connectives in present-day English. The data have been extracted from the 180 relative clauses contained in three files of the Lancaster Parsed Corpus, which is a subset of the Lancaster-Oslo/Bergen Corpus. The first of these files has material extracted from the press, the second one corresponds to scientific English and the third one contains clauses extracted from narrative texts. The three files total 27004 words. Grammatical factors, such as the function of the relative pronoun or the type of the noun phrase antecedent, have been found to influence the choice of the relative linkword. Some cognitive strategies which are aimed at making the production and understanding of relative clauses easier also condition the selection of the connective. Finally, the stylistic characteristics of the three genres analysed have also been proved to have an effect over the distribution of the relative pronouns.

Investigating the Influence of Antecedent Models on Learning Science and Engineering Skills

Abstract: Today science, engineering and technology permeate every aspect of our society. As students understand the human-built world, they must also get acculturated to the practices associated with science and engineering. The recent National Research Council (NRC) report calls for a focus on practices traditionally under-emphasized in the context of science education. These include practices such as modeling, developing explanations, and engaging in critique and evaluation (NRC, 2012). The insights gained from engaging in these practices should help students see how science and engineering are instrumental in addressing challenges such as generating energy, treating diseases, and maintaining supplies of clean water (NRC, 2012). Thus, we decided to focus on these under-emphasized practices and used the challenge of maintaining supplies of clean water to a house as the context for engaging with these practices. We reasoned that every student would be familiar with this context because everyone was used to getting clean water in his or her home. As a first step, we wanted to collect baseline data about students’ understanding about the concept of how water was supplied/drained to/from a house by having them make physical models of the concept. We have designed an activity that facilitates student interaction with Antecedent models – models intended to represent plausible prior points on their learning trajectories. Our hypothesis is that the Antecedent models have value as a prompts for helping students develop and represent a scientifically accurate understanding of the concept. Our first step, through this pilot study, is to investigate students’ appropriation of Antecedent models as resources for constructing their own “Informed” model. We seek to understand – (a) How Antecendent models inform students’ designs and (b) In what ways do the Informed models differ from their Antecedents. For this study, third graders constructed models that served as Antecedent models for fifth graders. Fifth graders constructed Informed models after critiquing the Antecedent models.

Workplace Spirituality as a Predictor of Employee Engagement

Abstract: Researchers have acknowledged that highly engaged employees go the extra mile and innovate to move their organisations forward. This kind of thought generates the concept of workplace spirituality (WPS). Workplace spirituality identifies that by nature employees are spiritual and seek purpose and meaning in their work. This meaningful work is a significant predictor of employee engagement. The chapter draws our attention towards workplace spirituality and employee engagement and documents to understand workplace spirituality as an antecedent of employee engagement with reference to meaningful work. Meaningful work is a least understood need of the employees that requires more research and desired steps to be undertaken by the organisations to have engaged employees. This chapter contributes by theoretically developing the relationship between these two streams, that is, WPS and employee engagement, and also highlights the measures adopted by Indian firms to spiritually engage their employees at workplace.

Whiteheadian Structured Societies as Open-Ended Systems and Open-Ended Systems as Whiteheadian Structured Societies

Abstract: In this essay I explore the notion of an open-ended system, that is, a thought-system which is sufficiently flexible in its mode of operation so as readily to adjust to whatever changes might be simultaneously taking place in a given physical environment or cultural context. The system, in other words, must be intrinsically “self-organizing,” “self-unifying” or “selfreferential” so as progressively to take into account significant changes in the empirical data under analysis. It cannot, as a result, have as its structural components unchanging principles of Being which apply the same way in every conceivable situation, but rather principles of Becoming or heuristic structures which presuppose an evolutionary or processoriented understanding of physical reality. It is, for example, in my judgment questionable whether Aristotelian-Thomistic metaphysics with its assumption of the ontological priority of actuality over potentiality is well suited to the explanation of “emergence” in the natural and social sciences. For emergence in the strict sense of the word implies that the emergent reality is more than and to some extent other than its antecedent cause(s).2 Yet, according to Aristotelian-Thomistic metaphysics, an effect is ontologically dependent upon its antecedent cause(s) for both its existence and its essence or mode of operation.3 But some metaphysical systems like the process-oriented philosophy of Alfred North Whitehead were conceived with evolution and emergence as already given or a necessary starting-point. Whitehead’s key metaphysical categories, namely, “actual entity” and “society,” for example, are specifically designed to account for both significant discontinuity from moment to moment and an ongoing continuity of structure and mode of operation in the empirical data under investigation. No metaphysical scheme, to be sure, can expect to survive unchanged over extended periods of time with the same measure of success in every possible new situation. But some thoughtsystems have a built-in principle of creativity so as better to account for the new and unexpected in the empirical data under analysis.

A Study on Antecedent Decision Rules for Natural Language Requirements Document in Korean

Abstract: In the characteristically requirements document (RD), the pronoun is scarcely used in RD in general. But if we would like to get the higher accuracy in analysis of RD automatically, antecedent decision of pronoun is very important for elicitation of formal requirements (i.e. component, action, statement and parameters etc.) automatically from natural language requirements document (NLRD) via natural language processing (NLP). In this paper, we propose the antecedent decision rule (ADR) to decide antecedent of pronoun from NLRD in Korean via NLP. Pronoun can be classified in personal pronoun and demonstrative pronoun. In the RD, a personal pronoun is almost not occurred so we are focused on antecedent decision for a demonstrative pronoun. The purpose of this paper is to describe the ADR that is used in postprocessing to reduce a burden of morphological analysis and parsing, so our approach can describe additional rules because every rule are applied in the postprocessing. We carried out an experiment with five brief NLRD added pronoun in.