Showing papers on "Anthrax vaccines published in 1988"
TL;DR: Studies are being undertaken to develop an improved human anthrax vaccine which is safe and efficacious, and which provides long-lasting immunity, and the feasibility of developing safe vaccine strains having mutationally altered toxin genes.
Abstract: Human anthrax vaccines currently licensed in the United States and Western Europe consist of alum-precipitated or aluminum hydroxide-adsorbed supernatant material from fermentor cultures of toxigenic, nonencapsulated strains of Bacillus anthracis. These vaccines have several drawbacks, including the need for frequent boosters, the apparent inability to protect adequately against certain strains of B. anthracis, and occasional local reactogenicity.
131 citations
TL;DR: The distribution pattern for recombinant inbred mice was consistent with a major role in host resistance of Hc or a closely linked locus, although other genes probably contribute.
104 citations
TL;DR: Vine trials with partially purified EA1 demonstrated that it neither elicits protective antibody against anthrax nor delays time to death in guinea pigs challenged intramuscularly with virulent Ames strain spores, and animals vaccinated with sterile gamma-irradiated cell walls had significant antibody titers to the N-acetylglucosamine-galactose polysaccharide of B. anthracis but were neither protected nor had a delay in time todeath following challenge.
Abstract: : Sera from Hartley guinea pigs vaccinated with a veterinary live spore anthrax vaccine were compared with sera from guinea pigs vaccinated with the human anthrax, vaccine, which consists of aluminum hydroxide-adsorbed culture proteins of Bacillus anthracis V770-NP-1R. Sera from animals vaccinated with the spore vaccine recognized two major B. anthracis vegetative cell-associated proteins that were either not recognized or poorly recognized by sera from animals that received the human vaccine. These proteins, termed extractable antigens 1 (EA1) and 2 (EA2), have molecular masses of 91 and 62 kilodaltons, respectively. The EA1 protein appeared to be coded by chromosomal DNA, whereas the EA2 protein was only detected in strains that possessed the pX01 toxin plasmid. Both of the extractable antigen proteins were serologically distinct from the components of anthrax edema toxin and lethal toxin. Following vaccination with the live spore vaccine, the EA1 protein was the predominant antigen recognized, as determined by electrophoretic immunotransblots. Vaccine trials with partially purified EA1 demonstrated that it neither elicits protective antibody against anthrax nor delays time to death in guinea pigs challenged intramuscularly with virulent Ames strain spores. In addition, animals vaccinated with sterile gamma-irradiated cell walls had significant antibody titers to the N-acetylglucosamine-galactose polysaccharide of B. anthracis but were neither protected nor had a delay in time to death following challenge.
64 citations
TL;DR: The currently licensed human vaccine against anthrax consists of aluminum hydroxide-absorbed, supernatant material, primarily PA, from fermenter cultures of another toxinogenic, nonencapsulated strain, V770-Np1-R.
8 citations