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Showing papers on "Anthrax vaccines published in 2021"


Journal ArticleDOI
15 Oct 2021-Vaccine
TL;DR: In this article, an informatics approach was introduced to study post-vaccine adverse events on the systems biology level to aid the prioritization of effective preventive measures and mechanism-based pharmacotherapy by integrating the analysis of adverse event reports from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) with systems biology methods.

45 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The effectiveness of AVP within humans may not depend on PA alone; there is compelling evidence to suggest that LF has a protective role, with computational predictions suggesting that additional proteins may be important for individuals with specific HLA allele combinations.
Abstract: The manufacture of the UK Anthrax vaccine (AVP) focuses on the production of Protective Antigen (PA) from the Bacillus anthracis Sterne strain. Although used for decades, several of AVP’s fundament...

11 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
02 Jun 2021-Vaccine
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the individual contributions of cyclic di-GMP, polyanhydride nanoparticles, and a combination thereof towards inducing neutralizing antibody (nAb) against the secreted protective antigen (PA) from B. anthracis.

11 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
03 Jan 2021-Vaccine
TL;DR: The current study shows that a 0, 2-week AV7909 vaccination regimen protected guinea pigs and nonhuman primates against a lethal inhalational anthrax challenge on Days 28 and 70 after the first immunization.

4 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
08 Oct 2021-Vaccine
TL;DR: Px563L as mentioned in this paper is a next-generation anthrax vaccine candidate consisting of a protein subunit, mutant recombinant protective antigen SNKE167-ΔFF-315-E308D (mrPA), and liposome-embedded monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) adjuvant.

2 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Assessment of the potential maternal, reproductive, and developmental toxicity of AV7909 in rats to support licensure for use in women of childbearing potential found findings in F0 females were limited to transient injection site edema and nodules consistent with immunostimulatory effects of the vaccine and adjuvant.
Abstract: The AV7909 vaccine, consists of the Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed (AVA) bulk drug substance and the immunostimulatory Toll-like receptor 9 agonist oligodeoxynucleotide adjuvant CPG 7909. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the potential maternal, reproductive, and developmental toxicity of AV7909 in rats to support licensure for use in women of childbearing potential. Groups of first generation (F0 ) female Sprague Dawley rats were dosed by intramuscular injection with water for injection, adjuvant or AV7909 at a volume of 0.5 ml/dose. Each rat received three vaccinations: 14 days prior to start of the mating period, on the first day of the mating period and on gestation day (GD) 7. There was no maternal mortality. Body weights, weight gain, and food consumption were comparable between groups. Findings in F0 females were limited to transient injection site edema and nodules consistent with immunostimulatory effects of the vaccine and adjuvant. Administration of AV7909 did not affect mating, fertility, pregnancy, embryo-fetal viability, growth, or morphologic development, parturition, maternal care of offspring or postnatal survival, growth, or development. There was no evidence of systemic inflammation in pregnant rats, based on evaluation of serum concentrations of the acute phase proteins alpha-2-macroglobulin and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein on GD 21. Anthrax lethal toxin-neutralizing antibodies were detected in AV7909-vaccinated F0 females. The antibodies were also detected in the sera of fetuses and F1 pups. Exposure of the fetuses and pups to maternally derived anthrax lethal toxin-neutralizing antibodies was not associated with developmental toxicity.

2 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a bicistronic secretory anti-anthrax DNA vaccine targeting immune response against toxin and cells was designed, and mice were immunized with the developed vaccine containing pag and eag genes of Bacillus anthracis through DNA-prime/protein-boost (D/P) and DNA prime/DNA-boost(D/D) approaches.

2 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the potential systemic and local toxicity of AV7909 when administered via repeat intramuscular injection to the right thigh muscle (biceps femoris) to male and female Sprague Dawley rats.
Abstract: AV7909 is a next-generation anthrax vaccine under development for post-exposure prophylaxis following suspected or confirmed Bacillus anthracis exposure, when administered in conjunction with the recommended antibacterial regimen. AV7909 consists of the FDA-approved BioThrax® vaccine (anthrax vaccine adsorbed) and an immunostimulatory Toll-like receptor 9 agonist oligodeoxynucleotide adjuvant, CPG 7909. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential systemic and local toxicity of AV7909 when administered via repeat intramuscular injection to the right thigh muscle (biceps femoris) to male and female Sprague Dawley rats. The vaccine was administered on Days 1, 15, and 29 and the animals were assessed for treatment-related effects followed by a 2-week recovery period to evaluate the persistence or reversibility of any toxic effects. The AV7909 vaccine produced no apparent systemic toxicity based on evaluation of clinical observations, body weights, body temperature, clinical pathology, and anatomic pathology. Necrosis and inflammation were observed at the injection sites as well as in regional lymph nodes and adjacent tissues and were consistent with immune stimulation. Antibodies against B. anthracis protective antigen (PA) were detected in rats treated with the AV7909 vaccine, confirming relevance of this animal model for the assessment of systemic toxicity of AV7909. In contrast, sera of rats that received saline or soluble CPG 7909 alone were negative for anti-PA antibodies. Overall, 3 intramuscular immunizations of Sprague Dawley rats with AV7909 were well tolerated, did not induce mortality or any systemic adverse effects, and did not result in any delayed toxicity.

1 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used GBAA0190 (r0190) protein as a potential target for anthrax vaccine and evaluated its immune-stimulating activity in the bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analysis.
Abstract: Bacillus ancthracis causes cutaneous, pulmonary, or gastrointestinal forms of anthrax. B. anthracis is a pathogenic bacterium that is potentially to be used in bioterrorism because it can be produced in the form of spores. Currently, protective antigen (PA)-based vaccines are being used for the prevention of anthrax, but it is necessary to develop more safe and effective vaccines due to their prolonged immunization schedules and adverse reactions. We selected the lipoprotein GBAA0190, a potent inducer of host immune response, present in anthrax spores as a novel potential vaccine candidate. Then, we evaluated its immune-stimulating activity in the bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analysis. Protective efficacy of GBAA0190 was evaluated in the guinea pig (GP) model. The recombinant GBAA0190 (r0190) protein induced the expression of various inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α) in the BMDMs. These immune responses were mediated through toll-like receptor 1/2 via activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways. We demonstrated that not only immunization of r0190 alone, but also combined immunization with r0190 and recombinant PA showed significant protective efficacy against B. anthracis spore challenges in the GP model. Our results suggest that r0190 may be a potential target for anthrax vaccine.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a triple chimeric antigen referred to as ELP (gene accession no: MT590758) comprising highly immunogenic domains of PA, edema factor (EF), and lethal factor (LF) was designed, constructed, and assessed for the immunization capacity against anthrax in a guinea pig model.
Abstract: Context Bacillus anthracis secretes a tripartite toxin comprising protective antigen (PA), edema factor (EF), and lethal factor (LF). The human anthrax vaccine is mainly composed of the anthrax protective antigen (PA). Considerable efforts are being directed towards improving the efficacy of vaccines because the use of commercial anthrax vaccines (human/veterinary) is associated with several limitations. Objective In this study, a triple chimeric antigen referred to as ELP (gene accession no: MT590758) comprising highly immunogenic domains of PA, LF, and EF was designed, constructed, and assessed for the immunization capacity against anthrax in a guinea pig model. Materials and methods Immunization was carried out considering antigen titration and immunization protocol. The immunoprotective efficacy of the ELP was evaluated in guinea pigs and compared with the potency of veterinary anthrax vaccine using a challenge test with B. anthracis 17JB strain spores. Results The results demonstrated that the ELP antigen induced strong humoral responses. The T-cell response of the ELP was found to be similar to PA, and showed that the ELP could protect 100%, 100%, 100%, 80% and 60% of the animals from 50, 70, 90, 100 and 120 times the minimum lethal dose (MLD, equal 5 × 105 spore/ml), respectively, which killed control animals within 48 h. Discussion and conclusions It is concluded that the ELP antigen has the necessary requirement for proper immunization against anthrax and it can be used to develop an effective recombinant vaccine candidate against anthrax.