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Anthrax vaccines
About: Anthrax vaccines is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 685 publications have been published within this topic receiving 21495 citations.
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TL;DR: The objective of this work was to study the performance of an anti-PA-ELISA designed to assess the antibody response to anthrax vaccines in mice, and it is believed that assay specificity and the above characteristics are adequate to allow this ELISA to be considered for use in a mouse immunogenicity (potency) test of Anthrax vaccines, and for the standardization of reagents.
22 citations
TL;DR: Results show that significant protection is achieved by delivering a single dose of a long-acting antibiotic (Dalbavancin) combined with a rapidly immunogenic vaccine/adjuvant combination any time before through 3 days after anthrax exposure.
22 citations
TL;DR: EA1 is a novel candidate for anthrax vaccine and provides a more effective protection when used in combination with PA and the combination of EA1 and protective antigen (PA) protected all immunized mice from a lethal challenge with B. anthracis spores.
22 citations
08 Feb 2019
TL;DR: Evaluation of a single intramuscular injection of recombinant B. anthracis-protective antigen formulated in the DPX delivery platform indicates that single-dose DPX-rPA is equally protective as two doses of AVA and could serve as pre-ex exposure and post-exposure prophylaxis.
Abstract: Anthrax is a serious biological threat caused by pulmonary exposure to aerosolized spores of Bacillus anthracis. Biothrax® (anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA)) is the only Food and Drug Administration-licensed vaccine and requires five administrations over 12 months with annual boosting to maintain pre-exposure prophylaxis. Here we report the evaluation of a single intramuscular injection of recombinant B. anthracis-protective antigen (rPA) formulated in the DPX delivery platform. Immune responses were compared to an alum-based formulation in mice and rabbits. Serological analysis of anti-rPA immunoglobulin G and toxin neutralization activity demonstrated higher responses induced by DPX-rPA when compared to rPA in alum. DPX-rPA was compared to AVA in rabbits and non-human primates (NHPs). In both species, DPX-rPA generated responses after a single immunization, whereas AVA required two immunizations. In rabbits, single injection of DPX-rPA or two injections of AVA conferred 100% protection from anthrax challenge. In NHPs, single-dose DPX-rPA was 100% protective against challenge, whereas one animal in the two-dose AVA group and all saline administered animals succumbed to infection. DPX-rPA was minimally reactogenic in all species tested. These data indicate that DPX-rPA may offer improvement over AVA by reducing the doses needed for protective immune responses and is a promising candidate as a new-generation anthrax vaccine. A lipid-based anthrax vaccine formulation offers immunity from the first injection. Bacillus anthracis is a lethal pathogen at high risk for use in biological warfare. The only FDA-licensed vaccine for anthrax, AVA, requires multiple doses over six months followed by regular boosters, indicating a need for rapidly immunizing vaccines. Genevieve Weir and Lisa MacDonald, from IMV Inc., with Canadian and US collaborators, here describe a prophylactic consisting of B. anthracis antigens suspended in a lipid-in-oil formulation. Their candidate, DPX-rPA, generated antigen-specific antibodies in rabbits and monkeys after one dose, compared to two for AVA. DPX-rPA also protected both species from B. anthracis spores after one dose. The results indicate that single-dose DPX-rPA is equally protective as two doses of AVA and could serve as pre-exposure and post-exposure prophylaxis. Future studies may confirm its potential as a vaccine for humans.
21 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a phase-I clinical trial was conducted to confirm biomarkers of innate immunity and evaluate effects of CPG 7909 (PF-03512676) on adaptive immunity.
21 citations