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Anthrax vaccines
About: Anthrax vaccines is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 685 publications have been published within this topic receiving 21495 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors showed that recombinant recombinant PA (rPA) forms aggregates in solution after exposure to temperatures ⩾40°C, thus losing its ability to form lethal toxin (LeTx) with Lethal Factor.
7 citations
TL;DR: This is the first time that sera from patients with anthrax have been used to interrogate the proteome of virulent B. anthracis vegetative cells, and results indicate that rGBAA_0345 may be a potential component of a multivalent anthrax vaccine, as it enhances the efficacy of rPA vaccination.
Abstract: Anthrax is caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis, which has been used as a weapon for bioterrorism. Although current vaccines are effective, they involve prolonged dose regimens and often cause adverse reactions. High rates of mortality associated with anthrax have made the development of an improved vaccine a top priority. To identify novel vaccine candidates, we applied an immunoproteomics approach. Using sera from convalescent guinea pigs or from human patients with anthrax, we identified 34 immunogenic proteins from the virulent B. anthracis H9401. To evaluate vaccine candidates, six were expressed as recombinant proteins and tested in vivo. Two proteins, rGBAA_0345 (alkyl hydroperoxide reductase subunit C) and rGBAA_3990 (malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase), have afforded guinea pigs partial protection from a subsequent virulent-spore challenge. Moreover, combined vaccination with rGBAA_0345 and rPA (protective antigen) exhibited an enhanced ability to protect against anthrax mortality. Finally, we demonstrated that GBAA_0345 localizes to anthrax spores and bacilli. Our results indicate that rGBAA_0345 may be a potential component of a multivalent anthrax vaccine, as it enhances the efficacy of rPA vaccination. This is the first time that sera from patients with anthrax have been used to interrogate the proteome of virulent B. anthracis vegetative cells.
7 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that an oral fluid-based immunoassay may be a feasible alternative to monitoring the serological antibody response of individuals that have been vaccinated against anthrax.
7 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that these PA-expressing SFV replicon DNA or VRP vaccines may be suitable as candidate vaccines against anthrax.
7 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that CIA06B is capable of providing long-term immunity when used as an adjuvant in a PA-based anthrax vaccine.
Abstract: Anthrax is an acute infectious disease caused by Bacillus anthracis. We previously reported that the adjuvant CIA06B, which consists of TLR4 agonist CIA05 and aluminum hydroxide (alum), enhanced the immune response to anthrax protective antigen (PA) in mice. This study was carried out to determine whether CIA06B can enhance long-term immune responses to PA in mice. BALB/c mice were immunized intramuscularly three times at 2-week intervals with recombinant PA alone or PA combined with alum or CIA06B. At 8 and 24 weeks post-immunization, the immunological responses including serum anti-PA IgG antibody titer, toxin-neutralizing antibody titer, splenic cytokine secretion and the frequency of PA-specific memory B cells were assessed. Compared with mice injected with PA alone or PA plus alum, mice injected with PA plus CIA06B had higher titers of serum anti-PA IgG antibodies, and higher frequencies of PA-specific memory B cells and interferon-γ secreting cells. Furthermore, anti-PA antibodies induced by CIA06B were more effective in neutralizing anthrax toxin. These results demonstrated that CIA06B is capable of providing long-term immunity when used as an adjuvant in a PA-based anthrax vaccine.
7 citations