Topic
Antibody
About: Antibody is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 113941 publications have been published within this topic receiving 4130181 citations. The topic is also known as: Ab & antibodies.
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TL;DR: The hemagglutination assays are based on the ability of an antibody to agglutinate red cells, carrying the specific antigen, and have all the advantages in terms of extreme simplicity, speed, and direct visual reading of the results.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the strategies and procedures for the preparation of monoclonal antibodies (McAb). The derivation of permanent lines of hybrid cells, producing McAb, exhibiting certain desired properties, presents widely different degrees of difficulty. Desired properties include not only specific recognition of an antigen and other no less critical properties are the fine specificity of the antibody, avidity and kinetic parameters important for radioimmunoassays, cytotoxic properties necessary for direct complement-dependent lysis. The insoluble antigen and the antibody in the culture fluid are allowed to react. The free antibody is washed away. The amount of monoclonal antibody bound is measured directly or by binding of a second, labeled antibody capable of recognizing the first. Monoclonal antibodies can be easily labeled internally at high specific activity, using radioactive amino acid precursors. The choice of these is based on the efficiency of incorporation of labeled amino acids into secreted immunoglobulin in culture conditions. The hemagglutination assays are based on the ability of an antibody to agglutinate red cells, carrying the specific antigen. These assays have all the advantages in terms of extreme simplicity, speed, and direct visual reading of the results.
1,768 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that SV40 infection or transformation of mouse cells stimulates the synthesis or enhances the stability of a 54K protein, which appears to be associated with SV40 T antigen in SV40-infected and -transformed cells, and is co-immunoprecipitated by hybridomas sera to SV40 large T antigen.
1,759 citations
TL;DR: The data provide evidence for a primary role of the immune system in the etiology of ulcerative colitis and strongly suggest that the disease results from an abnormal immune response to a normal antigenic stimulus.
1,741 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, a set of three monoclonal antibodies was described, each of which recognizes cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage in the rat, and the tissue distribution, in particular in lymphoid organs, was determined by immunoenzyme histochemistry on cryostat sections, as well as on cell suspensions.
Abstract: In the present study, a set of three monoclonal antibodies is described, each of which recognizes cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage in the rat. The tissue distribution, in particular in lymphoid organs, of each of the three monoclonals is determined by immunoenzyme histochemistry on cryostat sections, as well as on cell suspensions. Results show that ED1 recognizes a cytoplasmic antigen in monocytes and in most macrophages, free and fixed. ED2 and ED3 recognize membrane antigens of tissue macrophages, discriminating between distinct subpopulations of macrophages, each with a characteristic localization in the compartments of lymphoid organs. No other cell types except cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system are positive for any of the three monoclonals. Possible relations between the macrophages recognized by this set of monoclonals and dendritic cells are discussed.
1,718 citations
TL;DR: Three broadly neutralizing antibodies are identified, isolated from an HIV-1–infected individual, that exhibited great breadth and potency of neutralization and were specific for the co-receptor CD4-binding site of the glycoprotein 120 (gp120), part of the viral Env spike.
Abstract: Cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) are found in the sera of many HIV-1-infected individuals, but the virologic basis of their neutralization remains poorly understood. We used knowledge of HIV-1 envelope structure to develop antigenically resurfaced glycoproteins specific for the structurally conserved site of initial CD4 receptor binding. These probes were used to identify sera with NAbs to the CD4-binding site (CD4bs) and to isolate individual B cells from such an HIV-1-infected donor. By expressing immunoglobulin genes from individual cells, we identified three monoclonal antibodies, including a pair of somatic variants that neutralized over 90% of circulating HIV-1 isolates. Exceptionally broad HIV-1 neutralization can be achieved with individual antibodies targeted to the functionally conserved CD4bs of glycoprotein 120, an important insight for future HIV-1 vaccine design.
1,713 citations