Topic
Antibody
About: Antibody is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 113941 publications have been published within this topic receiving 4130181 citations. The topic is also known as: Ab & antibodies.
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TL;DR: An innate immune response characterized by plasmacytoid dendritic cell infiltration and interferon‐α/β inducible gene and protein expression may be an important part of the pathogenesis of dermatomyositis, as it appears to be in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Abstract: Dermatomyositis has been modeled as an autoimmune disease largely mediated by the adaptive immune system, including a local humorally mediated response with B and T helper cell muscle infiltration, antibody and complement-mediated injury of capillaries, and perifascicular atrophy of muscle fibers caused by ischemia. To further understand the pathophysiology of dermatomyositis, we used microarrays, computational methods, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy to study muscle specimens from 67 patients, 54 with inflammatory myopathies, 14 with dermatomyositis. In dermatomyositis, genes induced by interferon-alpha/beta were highly overexpressed, and immunohistochemistry for the interferon-alpha/beta inducible protein MxA showed dense staining of perifascicular, and, sometimes all myofibers in 8/14 patients and on capillaries in 13/14 patients. Of 36 patients with other inflammatory myopathies, 1 patient had faint MxA staining of myofibers and 3 of capillaries. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells, potent CD4+ cellular sources of interferon-alpha, are present in substantial numbers in dermatomyositis and may account for most of the cells previously identified as T helper cells. In addition to an adaptive immune response, an innate immune response characterized by plasmacytoid dendritic cell infiltration and interferon-alpha/beta inducible gene and protein expression may be an important part of the pathogenesis of dermatomyositis, as it appears to be in systemic lupus erythematosus.
501 citations
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TL;DR: The ability of antigen to inhibit cell migration in tissue culture has been confirmed with peritoneal exudate cells for tuberculin hypersensitivity and this in vitro characteristic has been shown to apply also to the delayed hypersensitivity that develops after immunization with a protein antigen in Freund's adjuvant.
Abstract: SummaryA study has been made of the abilities of peritoneal exudate cells and spleen cells to migrate from capillary tubes in a tissue culture system. In the presence of PPD, peritoneal exudate cells from animals sensitive to PPD failed to migrate normally, while spleen cells show no consistent response. Inhibition of peritoneal exudate cells in the presence of egg albumin occurred if sensitization had been performed so that delayed skin reactions to egg albumin existed. Inhibition did not occur when early (3–6 hr) edematous reactions to skin testing existed, when significant amounts of circulating antibody to egg albumin were demonstrable. Thus the ability of antigen to inhibit cell migration in tissue culture has been confirmed with peritoneal exudate cells for tuberculin hypersensitivity and this in vitro characteristic has been shown to apply also to the delayed hypersensitivity that develops after immunization with a protein antigen in Freund's adjuvant.
500 citations
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TL;DR: The role of the AS04 adjuvant, which includes the immunostimulant MPL, in triggering a persistent vaccine-induced immune response of high quality is strongly supported.
499 citations
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TL;DR: Results suggest that the apparently individually specific lymphoma antigen reactive with MAb 124-40 might be a clonally expressed epitope carried by a T cell surface component.
Abstract: A panel of hybridomas was constructed by fusion of P3X63Ag8 myeloma cells with spleen cells from a BALB/c mouse that had been immunized with a C57BL/Ka x-ray-induced lymphoma, C6XL. One of forty-three hybridomas secreting antibodies reactive with the tumor cells was found to be unreactive with normal spleen cells in a radioimmunometric assay. This antibody, designated 124-40, was unreactive with normal adult thymus, spleen, lymph node, or bone marrow cells, or with fetal spleen or thymus cells in radioimmunometric or radioimmunoprecipitation assays. Flow microfluorometric analysis of these nonmalignant lymphoid cells failed to reveal subpopulations reactive with MAb 124-40. The antibody was highly specific for the lymphoma cells used for immunization and did not react with a panel of other spontaneous or x-ray-induced or chemically induced lymphomas. The antigen reactive with MAb 124-40 was isolated by radioimmunoprecipitation and found to be a glycoprotein composed of disulfide-bonded subunits of 39,000 m.w. and 41,000 m.w. A cell surface component of similar structure, but not reactive with MAb 124-40 could be detected by two-dimensional electrophoresis in extracts of purified T cells, but not B cells. These results suggest that the apparently individually specific lymphoma antigen reactive with MAb 124-40 might be a clonally expressed epitope carried by a T cell surface component.
499 citations
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TL;DR: It was found that each lymphocyte had immunoglobulins synthesized under the influence of only one of two alleles, and a very small proportion of lymphocytes could be shown to have a specific surface reaction with one antigen (horse ferritin); the proportion of these cells increased very much after immunization.
Abstract: Small and medium lymphocytes from the peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues of the rabbit react in suspension with antibodies directed against different immunoglobulin determinants. Through immunofluorescence, it was possible to show that numerous discrete spots on the surface of the positive lymphocytes carry immunoglobulin molecules.
The positive lymphocytes are about one-half of all lymphocytes in the different preparations; thymus lymphocytes are all negative.
With antisera specific for rabbit IgM as well as with antisera directed against allotypic determinants specific for IgM or IgG, it was possible to show that about nine-tenths of the immunoglobulin-positive lymphocytes carry IgM molecules on their surface.
With antisera directed against a - and b -locus determinants, it was also possible to demonstrate that both heavy and light chains were present in the surface immunoglobulins. Furthermore, in animals which were heterozygous at the a or the b locus, it was found that each lymphocyte had immunoglobulins synthesized under the influence of only one of two alleles.
A very small proportion of lymphocytes could be shown to have a specific surface reaction with one antigen (horse ferritin); the proportion of these cells increased very much after immunization.
499 citations