Topic
Antibody
About: Antibody is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 113941 publications have been published within this topic receiving 4130181 citations. The topic is also known as: Ab & antibodies.
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TL;DR: The data demonstrate that efficient presentation of macrophage-associated antigen to the lymphocyte requires identity between macrophages and lymphocyte at some portion of the major histocompatibility complex.
Abstract: Antigen activation of DNA synthesis in immune thymus-derived lymphocytes of guinea pigs requires the cooperation of macrophages and lymphocytes. We have investigated the role of histocompatibility determinants in this macrophage-lymphocyte interaction using cells from inbred strain 2 and 13 guinea pigs. The data demonstrate that efficient presentation of macrophage-associated antigen to the lymphocyte requires identity between macrophage and lymphocyte at some portion of the major histocompatibility complex. The failure of allogeneic macrophages to effectively initiate immune lymphocyte proliferation was not the result of the presence of an inhibitor of blastogenesis released in mixtures of allogeneic cells, peculiarities of the antigen or lymphoid cells employed, nor differing kinetics of activation by allogeneic macrophages. In addition, data were presented that demonstrated that alloantisera inhibit lymphocyte DNA synthesis by functional interference with macrophage-lymphocyte interaction.
939 citations
TL;DR: Transgenic mice that express human IgM, IgG and Igκ in the absence of mouse IgM or Igκ are developed that contain human sequence transgenes that undergo V(D)J joining, heavy-chain class switching, and somatic mutation to generate a repertoire of human sequence immunoglobulins.
Abstract: Human sequence monoclonal antibodies, which in theory combine high specificity with low immunogenicity, represent a class of potential therapeutic agents. But nearly 20 years after Kohler and Milstein first developed methods for obtaining mouse antibodies, no comparable technology exists for reliably obtaining high-affinity human antibodies directed against selected targets. Thus, rodent antibodies, and in vitro modified derivatives of rodent antibodies, are still being used and tested in the clinic. The rodent system has certain clear advantages; mice are easy to immunize, are not tolerant to most human antigens, and their B cells form stable hybridoma cell lines. To exploit these advantages, we have developed transgenic mice that express human IgM, IgG and Ig kappa in the absence of mouse IgM or Ig kappa. We report here that these mice contain human sequence transgenes that undergo V(D)J joining, heavy-chain class switching, and somatic mutation to generate a repertoire of human sequence immunoglobulins. They are also homozygous for targeted mutations that disrupt V(D)J rearrangement at the endogenous heavy- and kappa light-chain loci. We have immunized the mice with human proteins and isolated hybridomas secreting human IgG kappa antigen-specific antibodies.
937 citations
TL;DR: In isolation of four human-origin monoclonal antibodies from a convalescent patient, all of which display neutralization abilities, a therapeutic study in a mouse model validated that these antibodies can reduce virus titers in infected lungs.
Abstract: Neutralizing antibodies could potentially be used as antivirals against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Here, we report isolation of four human-origin monoclonal antibodies from a convalescent patient, all of which display neutralization abilities. The antibodies B38 and H4 block binding between the spike glycoprotein receptor binding domain (RBD) of the virus and the cellular receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). A competition assay indicated different epitopes on the RBD for these two antibodies, making them a potentially promising virus-targeting monoclonal antibody pair for avoiding immune escape in future clinical applications. Moreover, a therapeutic study in a mouse model validated that these antibodies can reduce virus titers in infected lungs. The RBD-B38 complex structure revealed that most residues on the epitope overlap with the RBD-ACE2 binding interface, explaining the blocking effect and neutralizing capacity. Our results highlight the promise of antibody-based therapeutics and provide a structural basis for rational vaccine design.
933 citations
TL;DR: Blood from COVID-19 patients who have recently become virus-free and therefore were discharged was collected, and SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular immunity in 8 newly discharged patients was detected, and there was a strong correlation between neutralization antibody titers and the numbers of virus-specific T cells.
932 citations
TL;DR: A modification of the cell fusion procedure was used to recover stable hybrid cell lines secreting IgG antibodies to mouse major histocompatibility complex alloantigens and mouse immunoglobulin allotypes.
Abstract: Advances in somatic cell hybridization techniques have made it possible to generate hybrid cell lines producing monospecific antibodies directed at desired antigenic determinants (1). In this paper a modification of the cell fusion procedure (2,3) was used to recover stable hybrid cell lines secreting IgG antibodies to: (a) mouse major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alloantigens (H-2K and I-A); and (b) mouse immunoglobulin (Ig) allotypes (Ig-1b, Ig-5a, and Ig-5b).
931 citations