Topic
Antigen
About: Antigen is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 170233 publications have been published within this topic receiving 6982342 citations. The topic is also known as: antibody generator & Antigen.
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TL;DR: It is found that CD103+CD8+ TRM cells developed in the skin from epithelium-infiltrating precursor cells that lacked expression of the effector-cell marker KLRG1.
Abstract: Tissue-resident memory T cells (T(RM) cells) provide superior protection against infection in extralymphoid tissues. Here we found that CD103(+)CD8(+) T(RM) cells developed in the skin from epithelium-infiltrating precursor cells that lacked expression of the effector-cell marker KLRG1. A combination of entry into the epithelium plus local signaling by interleukin 15 (IL-15) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) was required for the formation of these long-lived memory cells. Notably, differentiation into T(RM) cells resulted in the progressive acquisition of a unique transcriptional profile that differed from that of circulating memory cells and other types of T cells that permanently reside in skin epithelium. We provide a comprehensive molecular framework for the local differentiation of a distinct peripheral population of memory cells that forms a first-line immunological defense system in barrier tissues.
996 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a critical determinant of the choice between proliferation and death, and may participate in a feedback regulatory mechanism by predisposing mature T lymphocytes to apoptosis.
Abstract: Antigen receptor stimulation of mature alpha beta T lymphocytes can lead either to proliferation or death. Programmed cell death, termed apoptosis, leads to the clonal deletion of both thymocytes and mature T cells that establishes tolerance. How a mature T cell selects between proliferation and death is not understood. Here I show that interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a critical determinant of the choice between these two fates. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells previously exposed to IL-2 undergo apoptosis after antigen-receptor stimulation. Antibody blockade of IL-2 but not IL-4 reverses the marked reduction of lymph node V beta 8+ T cells caused in mice by the bacterial superantigen Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B. IL-2 may thus participate in a feedback regulatory mechanism by predisposing mature T lymphocytes to apoptosis.
994 citations
TL;DR: The properties of mAb GK1.5 (complement fixation, reactivity with all mouse strains tested, profound blocking of all class II MHC antigen-specific functions by murine T cells, usefulness for FACS analyses, and usefulness for immuno-precipitation/SDS-PAGE analyses) make it suitable for investigating both the role ofclass II M HC antigen-reactive T cells in various immunological phenomena and the mechanistic basis, at the molecular level
Abstract: We describe here the properties of mAb GK1.5, which recognizes a cell surface molecule designated L3T4; the determinant on L3T4 recognized by mAb GK1.5 is designated L3T4a. We present evidence here that: i) the expression of L3T4a by murine T cell clones correlates primarily with class II MHC antigen-reactivity; ii) mAb GK1.5 blocks all class II MHC antigen-specific functions (cytolysis, proliferation, release of lymphokines) by murine class II MHC antigen-reactive T cell clones, although there appears to be clonal heterogeneity in the degree to which these functions are blocked by mAb GK1.5; iii) mAb GK1.5 blocks class II MHC antigen-specific release of IL-2 from cloned T cell hybridomas by blocking class II MHC antigen-specific binding; and iv) L3T4 is very similar to the human Leu3/T4 antigen. The properties of mAb GK1.5 (complement fixation, reactivity with all mouse strains tested, profound blocking of all class II MHC antigen-specific functions by murine T cells, usefulness for FACS analyses, and usefulness for immuno-precipitation/SDS-PAGE analyses) make it suitable for investigating both the role of class II MHC antigen-reactive T cells in various immunological phenomena and the mechanistic basis, at the molecular level, of class II MHC antigen-reactivity by murine T cells.
992 citations
TL;DR: It is reported here that both subclasses of DCs efficiently prime antigen-specific T cells in vivo, and direct the development of distinct T helper (Th) populations, and it is shown that interleukin 12 plays a critical role in Th1 development by CD8α+ DCs.
Abstract: Cells of the dendritic family display some unique properties that confer to them the capacity to sensitize naive T cells in vitro and in vivo. In the mouse, two subclasses of dendritic cells (DCs) have been described that differ by their CD8α expression and their localization in lymphoid organs. The physiologic function of both cell populations remains obscure. Studies conducted in vitro have suggested that CD8α+ DCs could play a role in the regulation of immune responses, whereas conventional CD8α− DCs would be more stimulatory. We report here that both subclasses of DCs efficiently prime antigen-specific T cells in vivo, and direct the development of distinct T helper (Th) populations. Antigen-pulsed CD8α+ and CD8α− DCs are separated after overnight culture in recombinant granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor and injected into the footpads of syngeneic mice. Administration of CD8α− DCs induces a Th2-type response, whereas injection of CD8α+ DCs leads to Th1 differentiation. We further show that interleukin 12 plays a critical role in Th1 development by CD8α+ DCs. These findings suggest that the nature of the DC that presents the antigen to naive T cells may dictate the class selection of the adaptative immune response.
992 citations
TL;DR: These findings demonstrate that the failure of an effective antitumor immune response may be primarily due to a helper arm deficiency of the immune system rather than a paucity of tumor-specific cytotoxic effector cells and outline a novel strategy for augmenting tumor immunity.
992 citations