Topic
Antimicrobial peptides
About: Antimicrobial peptides is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 10645 publications have been published within this topic receiving 507688 citations. The topic is also known as: host defense peptide & antimicrobial protein.
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TL;DR: It is concluded that a strong binding of a peptide to LPS aggregates accompanied by aggregate dissociation prevents LPS from binding to the carrier protein lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, or alternatively to its receptor, and hence inhibits cytokine secretion.
366 citations
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TL;DR: Findings reveal a potential use for normal commensal bacterium S. epidermidis to activate TLR2 signaling and induce antimicrobial peptide expression, thus enabling the skin to mount an enhanced response to pathogens.
365 citations
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TL;DR: The structures and activities of these AMPs, as well as the signalling cascades, which lead to their induction upon detection of infectious non-self are reviewed.
Abstract: The production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is an important aspect of host-defence in multicellular organisms Biochemical analysis of the hemolymph of the fruit-fly Drosophila melanogaster and other Diptera has led to the discovery of eight classes of AMPs These peptides can be grouped into three families based on their main biological targets, gram-positive bacteria (defensin), gram-negative bacteria (cecropins, drosocin, attacins, diptericin, MPAC), or fungi (drosomycin, metchnikowin) Drosophila AMPs are synthesized by the fat body in response to infection, and secreted into the blood Most of them can also be induced in surface epithelia in a tissue-specific manner Finally, some of them are constitutively expressed in defined tissues, such as the salivary glands or the reproductive tract We review here the structures and activities of these AMPs, as well as the signalling cascades, which lead to their induction upon detection of infectious non-self
365 citations
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TL;DR: It is found that this specially structured robust coating was extremely effective in resisting biofilm formation, and that the biofilm resistance depended on the nature of conjugated peptides.
365 citations
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TL;DR: The concentrations of host defence peptides and ions reported throughout the body are summarized and compared with the concentrations of peptides that are known have antimicrobial or immunomodulatory functions in vitro.
Abstract: Host defence peptides are found in all classes of life and are a fundamental component of the innate immune response. Initially it was believed that their sole role in innate immunity was to kill invading microorganisms, thus providing direct defence against infection. Evidence now suggests that these peptides play diverse and complex roles in the immune response and that, in higher animals, their functions are not restricted to the innate immune response. In in vitro experiments certain host defence peptides have been demonstrated to be potent antimicrobial agents at modest concentrations, although their antimicrobial activity is often strongly reduced or ablated in the presence of physiological concentrations of ions such as Na + and Mg 2+ . In contrast, in experiments done in standard tissue culture media, the composition of which more accurately represents physiological levels of ions, mammalian host defence peptides have been demonstrated to have a number of immunomodulatory functions including altering host gene expression, acting as chemokines and/or inducing chemokine production, inhibiting lipopolysaccharide induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production, promoting wound healing, and modulating the responses of dendritic cells and cells of the adaptive immune response. Animal models indicate that host defence peptides are crucial for both prevention and clearance of infection. As interest in the in vivo functions of host defence peptides is increasing, it is important to consider whether in mammals the direct antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties observed in vitro are physiologically relevant, especially since many of these activities are concentration dependent. In this review we summarize the concentrations of host defence peptides and ions reported throughout the body and compare that information with the concentrations of peptides that are known have antimicrobial or immunomodulatory functions in vitro.
363 citations