Showing papers on "Antimony published in 1968"
TL;DR: Using a freeze-dry method of concentration with high purity sodium carbonate as carrier, 12 rivers from the United States and the world have been analyzed each for several or all of the following elements: Ag, Sb, Cr, Co, Rb, Cs, Se and Mo as discussed by the authors.
184 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, surface segregation of sulfur in nickel and steel, and of chromium and antimony in steel have been observed using an Auger electron method of analysis, which provides a useful technique for studies of diffusion and segregation in solids.
Abstract: Surface segregation of sulfur in nickel and steel, and of chromium and antimony in steel have been observed using an Auger electron method of analysis. The method provides a useful technique for studies of diffusion and segregation in solids.
142 citations
TL;DR: In this article, two EPR spectra are observed in irradiated silicon (designated Si-$G23$ and si-$G24$) which are identified with the neutral charge states of a lattice vacancy adjacent to a substitutional arsenic or antimony atom, respectively.
Abstract: Two EPR spectra are observed in irradiated silicon (designated Si-$G23$ and Si-$G24$) which are identified with the neutral charge states of a lattice vacancy adjacent to a substitutional arsenic or antimony atom, respectively. EPR and ENDOR studies reveal a high degree of similarity between these defects and the phosphorus-vacancy pair (Si-$G8$) studied previously. Nuclear quadrupole interactions for the As and Sb atoms give additional information about the defect configuration, not available for the phosphorus-vacancy pair. For all three defects, a large static Jahn-Teller distortion occurs. Analysis of the response of the defects to externally applied stress allows an estimate of \ensuremath{\approx}1 eV for the magnitude of the Jahn-Teller stabilization energy. It is concluded that this energy is larger than the electron-electron interaction energies and comparable to (or greater than) the crystal-field energies for the electrons involved in the core of the defects. Studies of the group-V atom-vacancy reorientation kinetics reveal variations between the three defects that can be correlated with the elastic interactions between the oversize arsenic or antimony atoms and the tensile strain around the lattice vacancy. Comparison of the results with the annealing studies of electrical properties by Hirata et al. indicate that the annealing of each defect involves the migration of the pair as an entity through the lattice.
138 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the preparation of so-called antimonic acid under various experimental conditions has been investigated in order to establish its usefulness as a chemically stable cation-exchange material.
Abstract: The preparation of so-called antimonic acid under various experimental conditions has been investigated in order to establish its usefulness as a chemically-stable cation-exchange material. In this experiment, the antimonic acid was mainly obtained by the hydrolysis of antimony pentachloride, and was rarely obtained from metallic antimony or potassium pyroantimonate. The hydrolyzed precipitate was amorphous at first, but it was gradually transformed into crystalline powder by keeping it in the mother liquor for a long time. The crystallization of the amorphous precipitate was facilitated by raising the temperature within a range of 0–80°C, and by increasing the concentration of strong mineral acid on aging, regardless of the kinds of starting antimony substances. The water-content of the air-dried samples is decreased by increasing the period of aging; the composition of the sample approximates Sb2O5·4H2O. The crystal of the antimonic acid is cubic and belong to the space group Oh7(Fd3m), with a lattice c...
85 citations
75 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the resistivity of n-and p-type germanium and silicon near room temperature was investigated and the temperature coefficients for resistivity in n- and p-types were obtained.
Abstract: Temperature coefficients for resistivity of n- and p-type germanium and silicon near room temperature
62 citations
TL;DR: Spectrophotometric measurements indicate that true ternary complexes are formed with well defined structures and that the changes in absorption spectra produced are not due to simple adsorption of the binary metal-dye complex onto micellar aggregates.
49 citations
TL;DR: Inherent toxicity, manifest by decreased median life spans and longevity and by some suppression of growth of older animals, was observed in females given niobium and antimony, and zirconium occurred in both controls and experimental groups, and showed toxicity.
Abstract: To evaluate innate effects of certain trace elements, 540 mice were fed a diet of rye, corn oil and dried skim milk containing moderate amounts of zirconium and niobium and no detectable antimony or fluorine, in an environment relatively free of trace contaminants. Groups of 108, divided as to sex, were given 5 ppm zirconium, niobate or antimony or 10 ppm fluoride in drinking water from weaning until natural death. Females given fluoride grew somewhat larger at older ages and both sexes survived as long as their controls. Inherent toxicity, manifest by decreased median life spans and longevity and by some suppression of growth of older animals, was observed in females given niobium and antimony. The . feeding of niobium was ass.ociated with an increased incidence of hepatic fatty degeneration. No element was carcinogenic or tumorigenic. Fluoride did not accumulate in soft tissues, but increments of niobium and antimony were found. Zirconium occurred in both controls and experimental groups, and showed sll&ht toxicity. Of 15 trace elements studied in this manner, chromium, fluorine and nickel showed no demonstrable innate toxicity, whereas tellurium, arsenic, tin and vanadium showed the most. Innate biological effects of small doses of trace elements, given to mice and rats in drinking water from the time of weaning until death are being studied in an environment relatively free of contaminating trace elements. Effects of 9 elements given to mice have been reported: titanium, vanadium, chromium, nickel, germanium, arsenic, cadmium, tin, and lead ( 1, 2). The present study concerns zirconium, niobium, antimony and fluorine, all of which are present in food and in human tissues.
48 citations
45 citations
40 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the infrared spectra in the region between 4000 and 250 cm −1 of compounds of the type Ph 2 GeX 2, Ph 3 GeX, Ph 3 M, Ph 4 MX, Ph 5 M, and Ph 3 MX 2 have been measured and assignments are discussed.
TL;DR: The dioxygenyl salts of arsenic and antimony hexafluoride were synthesized by a photochemical reaction by exposure of a mixture of oxygen, fluorine and the appropriate pentafluoric acid to daylight as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: In this paper, a high-speed chemical technique is described for separating antimony, arsenic and germanium from fission products, and the half-lives and delayed neutron yields are in good agreement with those measured in an earlier study using an electrolytic technique.
TL;DR: In this article, the free energies of the metastable gold-antimony phases ζ and π were measured by solution ealorimetry and their free energy of formation was estimated.
TL;DR: In this paper, a three-dimensional X-ray crystal structure analysis of SbCl3, C6H5NH2 is described, where the unit cell is monoclinic, a = 10·86, b= 8·90, c= 10·10 A, β= 99·0°, space group P21/c′ and contains 4 formula units.
Abstract: A three-dimensional X-ray crystal structure analysis of SbCl3, C6H5NH2 is described. The unit cell is monoclinic, a= 10·86, b= 8·90, c= 10·10 A, β= 99·0°, space group P21/c′ and contains 4 formula units. Least-squares refinement led to R= 0·136 for 637 independent reflections. The dimensions of the antimony trichloride molecule differ considerably form those of antimony trichloride in the pure crystalline state. The antimony atom is situated in a distorted trigonal bipyramidal environment with a nitrogen atom at one apex and with one of the equatorial positions occupied by a non-bonding lone pair of electrons. The Sb–N distance is 2·53 A, corresponding to a long bond.
TL;DR: In this article, the antimony bromide has an antimony to bromine ratio of 1:3, and the performance of 35 other elements, including As3+, Ge4+, Se4+, and Sn2+ were studied.
TL;DR: In this paper, the energy bandgaps, reflectances, and indices of refraction of coevaporated thin films of arsenic-and antimony-triselenide and of stoichiometric and antimonyrich antimony trisulfide were determined from measurements of transmittance at wavelengths extending upward from the fundamental absorption region and reflectances at wavelengths below the absorption edge.
Abstract: The energy bandgaps, reflectances, and indices of refraction of coevaporated thin films of arsenic-and antimony-triselenide and of stoichiometric and antimony-rich antimony trisulfide were determined from measurements of transmittance at wavelengths extending upward from the fundamental absorption region and reflectance at wavelengths below the absorption edge. In mixtures of As2Se3 and Sb2Se3, the optical bandgap decreases and the index of refraction increases as the ratio of Sb to As is increased. Similarly, the bandgap of antimony trisulfide decreases with the addition of excess antimony. The deduced bandgaps of evaporated As2Se3 and Sb2S3 films agree well with published values for single crystals. Dielectric constants of representative compositions were obtained from capacitance measurements.
TL;DR: The lattice parameters of the palladium-rich, face-centered cubic (α) and facecentered tetragonal (α′), solid solutions of cadmium in palladium have been measured and the solid-solubility limit of the cubic phase has been determined as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The lattice parameters of the palladium-rich, face-centered cubic (α) and face-centered tetragonal (α′), solid solutions of cadmium in palladium have been measured. The solid-solubility limit of the cubic phase has been determined and an attempt has been made to characterize the crystal structure of the tetragonal phase. In addition, the lattice parameters of the palladium-rich, f.c.c. solid solutions in the palladium-antimony system and the solid-solubility limit of antimony in palladium at temperatures between 500 ° and 1000 °C have been determined. Values of the lattice parameters of the intermetallic compounds PdSb and PdSb2 have also been obtained.
TL;DR: In this paper, the absolute Seebeck coefficient, electrical resistivity, and thermoelectric figure of merit have simultaneously measured on Bi 97 Sb 3 and Bi 90 Sb 10 alloy single crystals of various orientations between 77°K and 300°K.
Abstract: The absolute Seebeck coefficient, electrical resistivity, and thermoelectric figure of merit have simultaneously measured on Bi 97 Sb 3 and Bi 90 Sb 10 alloy single crystals of various orientations between 77°K and 300°K. Under the assumption of independent three valley bands for both the valence and conduction bands, the electronic thermal conductivities have been calculated. They are anisotropic and the larger values being those perpendicular to the trigonal axis. In the 3 at.% antimony alloy, the total thermal conductivities both parallel and perpendicular to the trigonal axis are practically constant ( K || =50±5 mW/cm·deg and K ⊥ =75±5 mW/cm·deg) between 77°K and 300°K. In the 10 at.% antimony alloy, each of them gradually increase with temperature. It seems that most of heat are transported by carriers in the studied temperature range in both alloys.
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of fuel flow rate for several elements (copper, silver, gold, cadmium, tin, lead, antimony, bismuth, manganese and rhodium) is studied and the results are discussed.
Abstract: Although it is known that the use of long tubes in atomic absorption brings considerable increase in sensitivity, little is known about various factors affecting the sensitivity. In this work the role of fuel flow-rate for several elements (copper, silver, gold, cadmium, tin, lead, antimony, bismuth, manganese and rhodium) is studied and the results are discussed. A heated, 45-cm long, alumina tube is used, the burner being a Beckman type fed by air and hydrogen.
TL;DR: In this article, actinide(IV) oxydichlorides of the type MOX2(M = Th, Pa, U, and Np; X = Cl, Br, and I) have been prepared by reaction of the appropriate tetrahalide with antimony sesquioxide, Sb2O3, at 400° in a vaccum.
Abstract: Actinide(IV) oxydihalides of the type MOX2(M = Th, Pa, U, and Np; X = Cl, Br, and I) have been prepared by reaction of the appropriate tetrahalide with antimony sesquioxide, Sb2O3, at 400° in a vaccum. Unit cell parameters are reported for the isostructural series of oxydichlorides which possess orthorhombic symmetry, space-group Pbam. Infrared spectra have been recorded for all the compounds and the results are compared with previous assignments for UOCl2. Metal–oxygen vibrations occur in the region 600–225 cm.–1.
TL;DR: In this paper, the diffusion coefficients of silver and antimony tracers were determined in the temperature range 450-630°C by residual activity technique using the tracers as tracers.
TL;DR: The best Sb samples had nonequilibrium alloy melting ranges of a few centidegrees which are distinctly inferior to melting ranges on samples of Sn, Zn, and Pb with similar analyzed impurity contents: the inferiority is attributed to residual impurity effects in the Sb sample.
Abstract: An investigation was made of the freezing and melting temperatures of seven samples of high-purity antimony, five with analyzed impurity contents ranging from <0.3 to <0.7 p.p.m. (wt.) and two with impurity contents of ~10 and ~100 p.p.m. (wt.) respectively. The Sb melts had to be deoxidized in situ to eliminate the effect of dissolved oxygen (gaseous or oxide form), which was found to cause large depressions and instabilities in the liquidus-point temperatures. A variation of 0.0026 °C in liquidus point was found among the five purest samples, but the standard deviation for a single determination of the liquidus point realized on outside-nucleated slow induced freezes (ONSIF) of any given sample was . The best Sb samples had nonequilibrium alloy melting ranges of a few centidegrees which are distinctly inferior to melting ranges of only a few millidegrees found on samples of Sn, Zn, and Pb with similar analyzed impurity contents: the inferiority is attributed to residual impurity effects in the Sb sample...
TL;DR: In this article, the experimental study of magnetic susceptibility of dilute alloys of 3 d-transition metals in liquid antimony is presented, and the temperature dependence of the susceptibility contributed from localized d -electrons of Ni and Co in liquid Sb is positive.
Abstract: The experimental study of magnetic susceptibility of dilute alloys of 3 d -transition metals in liquid antimony is presented. The localized d -electrons of nickel, iron and cobalt atom in liquid antimony are non-magnetic. The temperature dependence of the susceptibility contributed from localized d -electrons of Ni and Co in liquid Sb is positive and that of Fe in liquid Sb is negative. This fact is explained by the Anderson scheme. The dilute alloys of Mn in liquid Sb obey the Curie law. The dilute alloys of Cr in liquid Sb also obey the Curie-Weiss law and their Weiss temperatures are negative.