Showing papers on "Antimony published in 2013"
TL;DR: A uniform coating of antimony sulphide (stibnite) on graphene, fabricated by a solution-based synthesis technique, as the anode material for sodium-ion batteries gives a high capacity, an excellent rate capability up to 6C and a good cycle performance.
Abstract: Anode materials used for sodium-ion batteries often suffer from poor stability and rate capability in electrochemical reactions. Yu et al. report a nanocomposite anode consisting of stibnite and reduced graphene oxide, which exhibits excellent cycle stability and rate performance.
464 citations
TL;DR: The KantishnaHills miningdistrict of interior Alaska, USA, located within Denali National Park and Preserve, con- tains a number of antimony lode deposits, including Alaska's historically largest antimony producer, the Stam- pede mine.
132 citations
TL;DR: An efficient ligand exchange strategy, using an antimony salt, to displace organic ligands from the surface of Cu2ZnSnS4 nanoparticles is developed, which promotes the film diffusion-limited crystallization of Sb-assisted crystal growth.
Abstract: A multistrategy approach to overcome the main challenges of nanoparticle-based solution-processed Cu2ZnSnSe4 thin film solar cells is presented. We developed an efficient ligand exchange strategy, using an antimony salt, to displace organic ligands from the surface of Cu2ZnSnS4 nanoparticles. An automated pulsed spray-deposition system was used to deposit the nanoparticles into homogeneous and crack-free films with controlled thickness. After annealing the film in a Se-rich atmosphere, carbon-free and crystalline Cu2ZnSnSe4 absorber layers were obtained. Not only was crystallization promoted by the complete removal of organics, but also Sb itself played a critical role. The Sb-assisted crystal growth is associated with the formation of a Sb-based compound at the grain boundaries, which locally reduces the melting point, thus promoting the film diffusion-limited crystallization.
108 citations
TL;DR: Assessment of the mechanisms of Sb(III) and S b(V) adsorption on natural red earth (NRE), a naturally occurring iron coated sand, at various pHs and Sb loadings revealed that sorption occurs through the formation of bidentate mononuclear and binuclear complexes.
107 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a new magnetic nanoparticle-supported antimony catalyst was prepared and evaluated as a recoverable catalyst for Clauson-Kaas reaction, which proceeds efficiently in aqueous medium to give the corresponding N -substituted pyrroles in high yield.
Abstract: A new magnetic nanoparticle-supported antimony catalyst was prepared and evaluated as a recoverable catalyst for Clauson-Kaas reaction. The reaction proceeds efficiently in aqueous medium to give the corresponding N -substituted pyrroles in high yield. The immobilized catalyst could be easily recovered by magnetic separation and recycled for six times without significant loss of its catalytic activity.
96 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that indigenous microorganisms associated with Sb mine soils are capable of Sb and As oxidation, and potentially contribute to the speciation and mobility of S b and As in situ.
Abstract: Antimony (Sb) is a naturally occurring toxic element commonly associated with arsenic (As) in the environment and both elements have similar chemistry and toxicity. Increasing numbers of studies have focused on microbial As transformations, while microbial Sb interactions are still not well understood. To gain insight into microbial roles in the geochemical cycling of Sb and As, soils from Sb mine tailing were examined for the presence of Sb- and As-oxidizing bacteria. After aerobic enrichment culturing with AsIII (10 mM) or SbIII (100 μM), pure cultures of Pseudomonas- and Stenotrophomonas-related isolates with SbIII oxidation activities and a Sinorhizobium-related isolate capable of AsIII oxidation were obtained. The AsIII-oxidizing Sinorhizobium isolate possessed the aerobic arsenite oxidase gene (aioA), the expression of which was induced in the presence of AsIII or SbIII. However, no SbIII oxidation activity was detected from the Sinorhizobium-related isolate, suggesting the involvement of different mechanisms for Sb and As oxidation. These results demonstrate that indigenous microorganisms associated with Sb mine soils are capable of Sb and As oxidation, and potentially contribute to the speciation and mobility of Sb and As in situ.
89 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, Antimony doped tin oxide thin films were deposited on glass substrates by sol-gel dip coating technique and optical properties of the films have been studied from transmission spectra.
86 citations
TL;DR: This study for the first time demonstrated the feasibility of using sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) to convert sulfate ions in SMD into sulfides that reduce Sb(V) to SB(III) and to form complex with Sb (III) as precipitate.
82 citations
TL;DR: Extremely thin absorber solar cells are built in which an Sb2S3 absorber coating is created by atomic layer deposition (ALD) The material is distributed homogeneously along the depth axis and is free of oxide as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Extremely thin absorber solar cells are built in which an Sb2S3 absorber coating is created by atomic layer deposition (ALD) The material is distributed homogeneously along the depth axis and is free of oxide Under our conditions, an optimal thickness of 10 nm, Sb2S3, yields efficiencies of up to 26%
79 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the density functional theory calculations on all the polymorphs of the binary oxides of antimony (Sb2O3, Sb 2O4, and Sb 1O5) were performed to assess the electronic structures and differences in bon...
Abstract: This study details density functional theory calculations on all the polymorphs of the binary oxides of antimony (Sb2O3, Sb2O4, and Sb2O5) to assess the electronic structures and differences in bon...
76 citations
TL;DR: Thin films of antimony doped tin sulphide (SnS:Sb) with different antimony concentrations have been prepared by the spray pyrolysis technique at the substrate temperature of 350°C and the physical properties of the films were studied as a function of increase in antimony dopant concentration.
TL;DR: In this paper, the solubility of bismuth oxide (α-Bi 2 O 3(s) ; bismite) in near-neutral sodium perchlorate solutions at 65 and 80°C, and pure water from 150 to 600 Â Â c, P Sat to 800 Â bar was studied using various batch-reactor techniques and in situ XAS spectroscopy.
TL;DR: The structural, optical and electrical properties of spray deposited antimony (Sb) doped tin oxide (SnO2) thin films, prepared from SnCl4 precursor, have been studied as a function of antimony doping concentration as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used green bean husk (GBH) as the adsorbent to remove antimony(III) from metal-loaded GBH by 0.1 M HCl, achieving >97% desorption.
TL;DR: In this article, the technical feasibility of recovering metallic antimony from an antimony-bearing copper sulphide concentrate has been investigated, on laboratory scale, of both hydro-and electrometallurgical processes.
Patent•
25 Jun 2013
TL;DR: A solder alloy of a tin-silver-copper solder alloy, containing tin, silver, antimony, bismuth, copper, and nickel, substantially does not contain germanium, relative to the total amount of the solder alloy.
Abstract: A solder alloy of a tin-silver-copper solder alloy, containing tin, silver, antimony, bismuth, copper, and nickel, and substantially does not contain germanium, relative to the total amount of the solder alloy, the silver content is more than 1.0 mass % and less than 1.2 mass %, the antimony content is 0.01 mass % or more and 10 mass % or less, and the bismuth content is 0.01 mass % or more and 3.0 mass % or less.
TL;DR: In this article, it was discovered that antimony(V) serves as a co-catalyst with N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) under aerobic conditions.
Abstract: In the course of our investigations to find a novel catalyst for the cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reaction, it was discovered that antimony(V) serves as a co-catalyst with N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) under aerobic conditions. This is a rare example of a catalytic use of antimony for an oxidative coupling reaction.
TL;DR: The influence of initial antimony concentration, cathode current density, the concentrations of Na2S and NaOH, gas sparging and electrolyte temperature on average cell voltage, specific energy and...
TL;DR: The procedure was successfully applied to speciation of antimony in tap water, mineral water and spring water samples and the capacity of adsorption for the tetraethylenepentamine bonded silica gel was 7.9 mg g(-1).
TL;DR: In this article, a sulfidic hot spring in New Zealand exhibits distinct diurnal variations in antimony (Sb) and arsenic (As) concentrations, with daytime high and night-time low concentrations.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors derived rate laws for the proton promoted dissolution of the main natural antimony oxide phases, namely stibiconite (idealized composition SbSb2O6OH), senarmontite, and (metastable) valentinite, under standard conditions and ionic strength I.e.
TL;DR: In this paper, the surface of magnetite is modified by the addition of fatty acids viz. Lauric acid, benzoic acid to bind the SOH groups present on the surface.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of antimony (Sb) on the uniform incorporation of nitrogen atoms in GaInNAs alloy grown with different levels of Sb fluxes was investigated.
TL;DR: Two types of effects work in the Sb(V)Por/clay system: effect i (structure resembling effect) is that the most stable structure becomes relatively similar between the ground and excited states, and effect ii is that sharpened potential energy curves of clay complexes can lead to the increase of activation energy for the internal conversion from excited state to a high vibration level of ground state.
Abstract: Three types of mono-, tri-, and penta-cationic antimony(V) porphyrin derivatives (SbVPors) were synthesized, and their photochemical properties on the anionic clay were systematically investigated. SbVPor derivatives are dihydroxo(5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinato)antimony(V) chloride ([SbV(TPP)(OH)2]+Cl–), dihydroxo[5,10-diphenyl-15,20-di(N-methyl-pyridinium-4-yl)porphyrinato]antimony(V) trichloride ([SbV(DMPyP)(OH)2]3+3Cl–), and dihydroxo[5,10,15,20-tetrakis(N-methyl-pyridinium-4-yl)porphyrinato]antimony(V) pentachloride ([SbV(TMPyP)(OH)2]5+5Cl–). The photochemical behaviors of three cationic SbVPors with and without clay were examined in aqueous solution. For all SbVPor, aggregation behaviors were not observed in the clay complexes even at high density adsorption conditions. The transition probabilities and fluorescence quantum yields of SbVPor showed a tendency to be increased by the complex formation with clay. The less cationic SbVPor/clay complex showed the larger fluorescence quantum yield. The m...
TL;DR: In this article, an in situ half-cycle atomic layer deposition/X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) study was conducted in order to investigate the evolution of the HfO2 dielectric interface with GaSb(100) surfaces after sulfur passivation and HCl etching, designed to remove the native oxides.
Abstract: An in situ half-cycle atomic layer deposition/X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) study was conducted in order to investigate the evolution of the HfO2 dielectric interface with GaSb(100) surfaces after sulfur passivation and HCl etching, designed to remove the native oxides. With the first pulses of tetrakis(dimethylamido)hafnium(IV) and water, a decrease in the concentration of antimony oxide states present on the HCl-etched surface is observed, while antimony sulfur states diminished below the XPS detection limit on sulfur passivated surface. An increase in the amount of gallium oxide/sulfide is seen, suggesting oxygen or sulfur transfers from antimony to gallium during antimony oxides/sulfides decomposition.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the distribution of antimony and its species in soil fractions in order to understand better the real risk associated with Sb in the environment, and found that Sb is relatively benign compared to other antimony species.
Abstract: Purpose
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the distribution of antimony (Sb) and its species in soil fractions in order to understand better the real risk associated with Sb in the environment.
TL;DR: Tin antimony sulphide (SnSbS) thin films were deposited on glass substrate using thermal vacuum evaporation techniques from tin sulphide and antimony sulfide pellets using the two source technique as mentioned in this paper.
TL;DR: In this paper, a study was carried out to define efficient operating conditions to solubilize these metals by a chemical leaching technique and the optimum leaching conditions identified were 1M H2SO4 and 4M NaCl with a 10% (w/v) soil pulp density at ambient temperature.
Abstract: Military small arms shooting range (SASR) soils are heavily polluted by metals like copper, lead, antimony, and zinc. This study was carried out to define efficient operating conditions to solubilize these metals by a chemical leaching technique. The comparison of different leaching reagents (HCl, H2SO4, CH3COOH, and EDTA) has revealed that sulfuric acid leaching coupled with the addition of sodium chloride is the most interesting option for the solubilization of Cu, Pb, Sb, and Zn from the finest fractions (<125 μm) of SASR soil. The initial metal contents of the soil sample were 1,760 mg Cu kg−1, 43,300 mg Pb kg−1, 780 mg Sb kg−1, and 355 mg Zn kg−1. The important operational parameters for leaching ([H2SO4], [NaCl], pulp density, reaction time, and temperature) were also studied. The optimum leaching conditions identified were 1 M H2SO4 and 4 M NaCl with a 10 % (w/v) soil pulp density at ambient temperature. In these conditions, 83, 75, 61, and 72 % of Cu, Pb, Sb, and Zn were respectively solubilized after only 1 h of treatment. The use of five successive leaching steps and two washing steps removed 96, 99, 84 and 86 % of Cu, Pb, Sb, and Zn respectively from the soil.
TL;DR: A simple, sensitive and efficient method of ultrasound-assisted emulsification of solidified floating organic drop microextraction coupled to electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry for the speciation of antimony at different oxidation state Sb(III)/Sb(V) in environmental samples was established.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used graphite macro-electrodes for the determination of antimony(III) using anodic stripping voltammetry over the range of 1 to 910 μg L−1 in pH 3.5 acetate buffer solutions with a limit of detection found to correspond to 0.58 μgL−1.
Abstract: The electroanalytical determination of antimony(III) is explored using disposable and economical unmodified screen printed graphite macro-electrodes. These sensors are found to allow the sensing of antimony(III) via anodic stripping voltammetry over the range of 1 to 910 μg L−1 in pH 3.5 acetate buffer solutions with a limit of detection found to correspond to 0.58 μg L−1. The analytical protocol is applied to the sensing of antimony(III) in drinking water samples where a limit of detection was found to correspond to 1.2 μgL−1. The observed detection limits are well below those recommended by the US Environmental Agency and World Health Organisation for antimony(III) concentrations in drinking water. The effects of interferences on the electroanalytical protocol are also explored, where only copper(II) ions are found to be problematic due to the close proximity of the antimony and copper stripping peaks. Proof-of-concept is demonstrated that the interference from copper(II) ions can be eliminated through the application of a complexing agent.