Topic
Antimony
About: Antimony is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 11450 publications have been published within this topic receiving 155660 citations. The topic is also known as: Sb & element 51.
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TL;DR: In this article, a laser assisted chemical bath deposition (LACBD) technique was used to obtain Sb 2 S 3 thin films for optoelectronic applications, which were analyzed by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Raman Spectroscopy, Atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-vis spectrography and Photoconductivity.
49 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a family of layered bismuth oxyhalides, LI0.5Bi1.5O2X and LIIBiO 2X has been reinvestigated.
49 citations
TL;DR: Antimony naturally evolves to form optimal nanostructures for alloy anodes, as it is shown through electrochemical experiments in a half-cell configuration in which 15-nm antimony nanocrystals have a consistently higher Coulombic efficiency than larger nanoparticles.
Abstract: High-capacity alloy anode materials for Li-ion batteries have long been held back by limited cyclability caused by the large volume changes during lithium insertion and removal. Hollow and yolk-shell nanostructures have been used to increase the cycling stability by providing an inner void space to accommodate volume changes and a mechanically and dimensionally stable outer surface. These materials, however, require complex synthesis procedures. Here, using in situ transmission electron microscopy, we show that sufficiently small antimony nanocrystals spontaneously form uniform voids on the removal of lithium, which are then reversibly filled and vacated during cycling. This behaviour is found to arise from a resilient native oxide layer that allows for an initial expansion during lithiation but mechanically prevents shrinkage as antimony forms voids during delithiation. We developed a chemomechanical model that explains these observations, and we demonstrate that this behaviour is size dependent. Thus, antimony naturally evolves to form optimal nanostructures for alloy anodes, as we show through electrochemical experiments in a half-cell configuration in which 15-nm antimony nanocrystals have a consistently higher Coulombic efficiency than larger nanoparticles. Sufficiently small antimony nanoparticles form uniform voids that are reversibly filled and vacated during cycling.
49 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the system Ag-Sb-S was studied between 600°C and 200°C in evacuated silica glass tubes, and it was proposed that the configuration changes near 300°C, and that at 200°c the equilibrium assemblages correspond to those usually reported for minerals in ores.
Abstract: The system Ag-Sb-S was studied between 600°C and 200°C in evacuated silica glass tubes. Results from lower temperature runs require shifts in the stable tie-line configuration found by Barstad at 400°C. It is proposed that the configuration changes near 300°C, and that at 200°C the equilibrium assemblages correspond to those usually reported for minerals in ores. Most of the minerals of the system were synthesized. In addition, the synthetic phase Ag7SbS6 (antimony analogue of the arsenic mineral billingsleyite) is characterized, and the ease of its synthesis in the composition area bounded by argentite-pyrargyrite-sulfur suggests the probable existence of a mineral of this composition. The relatively common mineral stephanite (Ag5SbS4) was not formed as a synthetic product in the temperature range of this study. Combined DTA and X-ray data show that at 197±5°C stephanite decomposes in the absence of sulfur to form pyrargyrite plus argentite, whereas with excess sulfur the products are Sb-billingsleyite plus pyrargyrite. Pyrostilpnite (Ag3SbS3), the low temperature dimorph of pyrargyrite, is unstable above 192±5°C.
48 citations
TL;DR: Inherent toxicity, manifest by decreased median life spans and longevity and by some suppression of growth of older animals, was observed in females given niobium and antimony, and zirconium occurred in both controls and experimental groups, and showed toxicity.
Abstract: To evaluate innate effects of certain trace elements, 540 mice were fed a diet of rye, corn oil and dried skim milk containing moderate amounts of zirconium and niobium and no detectable antimony or fluorine, in an environment relatively free of trace contaminants. Groups of 108, divided as to sex, were given 5 ppm zirconium, niobate or antimony or 10 ppm fluoride in drinking water from weaning until natural death. Females given fluoride grew somewhat larger at older ages and both sexes survived as long as their controls. Inherent toxicity, manifest by decreased median life spans and longevity and by some suppression of growth of older animals, was observed in females given niobium and antimony. The . feeding of niobium was ass.ociated with an increased incidence of hepatic fatty degeneration. No element was carcinogenic or tumorigenic. Fluoride did not accumulate in soft tissues, but increments of niobium and antimony were found. Zirconium occurred in both controls and experimental groups, and showed sll&ht toxicity. Of 15 trace elements studied in this manner, chromium, fluorine and nickel showed no demonstrable innate toxicity, whereas tellurium, arsenic, tin and vanadium showed the most. Innate biological effects of small doses of trace elements, given to mice and rats in drinking water from the time of weaning until death are being studied in an environment relatively free of contaminating trace elements. Effects of 9 elements given to mice have been reported: titanium, vanadium, chromium, nickel, germanium, arsenic, cadmium, tin, and lead ( 1, 2). The present study concerns zirconium, niobium, antimony and fluorine, all of which are present in food and in human tissues.
48 citations