Antimony

About: Antimony is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 11450 publications have been published within this topic receiving 155660 citations. The topic is also known as: Sb & element 51.

Mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and teratogenicity of antimony compounds.

Abstract: The paper reviews the information available concerning the mutagenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic effects of antimony. A claim that antimony compounds could have mutagenic properties is based on insufficient and not particularly relevant data. Additional experiments, particularly with organic antimony compounds, would be desirable, but from what we know already, one may be confident that antimony is less a mutagenic risk than many other metals such as As, Cr, Ni, among others. Evidence for a carcinogenic risk of antimony in experimental animals was judged by the IARC sufficient for antimony trioxide and limited for antimony trisulfide. In man, IARC considered antimony trioxide as possibly carcinogenic. However, exposure in all studies on which these conclusions are based also involved other proven or likely carcinogenic compounds. Studies with pure antimony compounds, especially those used in therapy, need to be performed to clarify the situation. Although some indications exist that antimony trioxide could interfere with embryonic and fetal development, the studies seem not entirely conclusive. It is regrettable that, at least to our knowledge, the outcome of pregnancy in women treated with antimony compounds for leishmaniasis has not been studied. In conclusion, it appears that mutagenic, carcinogenic and teratogenic risks of antimony compounds, if they exists at all, are not very important.

A novel two-dimensional structure containing the first antimony-substituted polyoxovandium clusters: [{Co(en)2}2SbIII8VIV14O42(H2O)]·6H2O

Abstract: The novel framework [{Co(en)2}2SbIII8VIV14O42(H2O)]·6H2O is composed of two-dimensional arrays of {SbIII8VIV14O42(H2O)} clusters interlinked via {Co(en)2} bridging groups; such antimony–vanadium clusters with antimony and vanadium in low oxidation states were previously unknown.

Squeezing Fluoride out of Water with a Neutral Bidentate Antimony(V) Lewis Acid

Abstract: Because of hydration, fluoride ions in water typically elude complexation by neutral Lewis acids. Here, we show how this limitation can be overcome with a bidentate Lewis acid containing two antimony(V) centers. This derivative (2) is obtained by the simple reaction of 4,5-bis(diphenylstibino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene (1) with two equivalents of 3,4,5,6-tetrachlorobenzoquinone (o-chloranil). It features two square-pyramidal stiborane units oriented in a face-to-face fashion. Titration experiments show that this new bidentate Lewis acid binds fluoride in aqueous solutions containing 95 % water with a binding constant (K) of 700±30 M−1. The structure of the fluoride adduct confirms fluoride anion chelation between the two antimony centers.

Assessment of metal contaminations leaching out from recycling plastic bottles upon treatments

Abstract: Heavy metal contaminants in environment, especially in drinking water, are always of great concern due to their health impact. Due to the use of heavy metals as catalysts during plastic syntheses, particularly antimony, human exposure to metal release from plastic bottles has been a serious concern in recent years. The aim and scope of this study were to assess metal contaminations leaching out from a series of recycling plastic bottles upon treatments. In this study, leaching concentrations of 16 metal elements were determined in 21 different types of plastic bottles from five commercial brands, which were made of recycling materials ranging from no. 1 to no. 7. Several sets of experiments were conducted to study the factors that could potentially affect the metal elements leaching from plastic bottles, which include cooling with frozen water, heating with boiling water, microwave, incubating with low-pH water, outdoor sunlight irradiation, and in-car storage. Heating and microwave can lead to a noticeable increase of antimony leaching relative to the controls in bottle samples A to G, and some even reached to a higher level than the maximum contamination level (MCL) of the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) regulations. Incubation with low-pH water, outdoor sunlight irradiation, and in-car storage had no significant effect on antimony leaching relative to controls in bottle samples A to G, and the levels of antimony leaching detected were below 6 ppb which is the MCL of USEPA regulations. Cooling had almost no effect on antimony leaching based on our results. For the other interested 15 metal elements (Al, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, As, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, Ba, Tl, Pb), no significant leaching was detected or the level was far below the MCL of USEPA regulations in all bottle samples in this study. In addition, washing procedure did contribute to the antimony leaching concentration for polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles. The difference of antimony leaching concentration between washing procedure involved and no washing procedure involved (AC) was larger than zero for samples A to G. This interesting result showed that higher antimony concentration was detected in experiments with no washing procedures compared with those experiments with washing procedures. Our study results indicate that partial antimony leaching from PET bottles comes from contaminations on the surface of plastic during manufacturing process, while major antimony leaching comes from conditional changes. The results revealed that heating and microwaving enhance antimony leaching significantly in PET plastic bottles. Plastic bottle manufacturers should consider the contaminations during manufacturing process and washing bottles before first use was strongly recommended to remove those contaminants.