Showing papers on "Antitussive Agent published in 2000"
TL;DR: The methanol extract of Asparagus racemosus root showed significant antitussive activity on sulfur dioxide-induced cough in mice, the cough inhibition being comparable to that of 10-20 mg/kg of codeine phosphate.
69 citations
TL;DR: This study confirms on a well-defined population-based cohort an age-dependent gradient of DQA1 and DQB1 susceptibility genes and finds a higher prevalence of patients able to generate 0 heterodimers in adult-onset than in childhood-ONSet Type I diabetes.
Abstract: 0±9, 21.7 % in the age group 20 years or over). The highest odds ratio (OR) was found in patients aged 0±9 years, able to generate 4 heterodimers (OR 161.3, 95 % CI 39.3±662.7). Therefore, our study confirms on a well-defined population-based cohort an age-dependent gradient of DQA1 and DQB1 susceptibility genes. In addition we found a higher prevalence of patients able to generate 0 heterodimers in adult-onset than in childhood-onset diabetes. In different populations, patients able to generate 0 heterodimers are at lower risk than those with 4 heterodimers. Inefficiency in the interaction between peptide antigens and HLA class II molecules are probably involved in these findings. Structural and functional analysis of the HLA class II susceptibility genes has been carried out and molecular mechanisms have been suggested for several of the key steps in the autoimmune insulitis [6]. Our finding of lower prevalence of susceptible heterodimers in adult-onset than in childhood-onset Type I diabetes could suggest either the involvement of other loci in the genetic susceptibility of the disease in adults or heterogeneity of environmental determinants by age at onset of the disease.
19 citations
TL;DR: The antitussive activity of a methanol extract of Jussiaea suffruticosa Linn leaves has been evaluated for its potential on a cough induced by sulphur dioxide (SO2) gas model in mice and showed significant antitussives activity in a dose dependent manner.
Abstract: The antitussive activity of a methanol extract of Jussiaea suffruticosa Linn. (MEJS) (family Onagraceae) leaves has been evaluated for its potential on a cough induced by sulphur dioxide (SO2) gas model in mice. The extract (MEJS) showed significant antitussive activity in a dose dependent manner. The antitussive potential of MEJS was comparable to that of codeine phosphate (10 mg/kg), a standard drug. The extract (MEJS) at a dose level of 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o. showed appreciable inhibition on the cough reflex by 48.52% and 59.8% respectively during 120 min of the experiment. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
9 citations
TL;DR: A case of IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to ceftriaxone and the role of penicillins and cephalosporins as allergens ± structural aspects of recognition and cross-reactions is described.
Abstract: References 1. ROMANO A, QUARATINO D, VENEMALM L, et al. A case of IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to ceftriaxone. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;104:1113±1114. 2. MOSKOVITZ BL. Clinical adverse effects during ceftriaxone therapy. Am J Med 1984;77:84±88. 3. BALDO BA. Penicillins and cephalosporins as allergens ± structural aspects of recognition and cross-reactions. Clin Exp Allergy 1999;29:744±749. 4. ADKINSON NF JR. Risk factors for drug allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1984;74:567±572.
5 citations
TL;DR: The chapter highlights some of the advances in the development of novel antitussives and reviews their chemistry, mechanism and site of action, including central site and peripheral sites of action.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter presents an overview of the developments in antitussive therapy. Current antitussive therapy is dominated by the use of older drugs, such as dextromethorphan and codeine. These drugs however carry significant side effect liabilities, including among others, sedation, abuse liability, and respiratory depression. Because persistent cough is underserved by current therapeutic options available, there is an increasing need for safe and efficacious antitussive alternative(s) to existing medications. Centrally active antitussive agents act preferentially by depressing the cough center at the level of the lower brainstem without affecting peripheral sensory or motor endplate effector responses. The chapter highlights some of the advances in the development of novel antitussives and reviews their chemistry, mechanism and site of action. Concepts related to neural regulation of the cough reflex are discussed. Afferent and efferent mechanisms of the cough reflex are elaborated and site of action of antitussive drugs is described, including central site and peripheral sites of action. Centrally acting agents are elaborated and an overview of neurokinin antagonists, peripherally acting agents, and potassium channel openers is also presented.
4 citations