Showing papers on "Antitussive Agent published in 2001"

Important drugs for cough in advanced cancer.

Abstract: Cough is a defense mechanism that prevents the entry of noxious materials into the respiratory system and clears foreign materials and excess secretions from the lungs and respiratory tract. In advanced cancer, it is a common symptom that interferes with the patient's daily activity and quality of life. Empiric treatment with antitussive agents is often needed. Two classes of antitussive drugs are available: (1) centrally acting: (a) opioids and (b) non-opioids; (2) peripherally acting: (a) directly and (b) indirectly. Antitussive availability varies widely around the world. Many antitussives, such as benzonatate, codeine, hydrocodone, and dextromethorphan, were extensively studied in the acute and chronic cough settings and showed relatively high efficacy and safety profiles. Benzonatate, clobutinol, dihydrocodeine, hydrocodone, and levodropropizine were the only antitussives specifically studied in cancer and advanced cancer cough. They all have shown to be effective and safe in recommended daily dose for cough. In advanced cancer the patient's current medications, previous antitussive use, the availability of routes of administration, any history of drug abuse, the presence of other symptoms and other factors, all have a role in the selection of antitussives for prescription. A good knowledge of the pharmacokinetics, dosage, efficacy, and side effects of the available antitussives provides for better management.

Antitussive agent for common cold

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an antitussive agent for common cold effective for increasing the action of a drug having antitussive action such as codeine and exhibiting sufficient antitussive effect at a low dose. SOLUTION: The antitussive agent for common cold contains (a) codeine or its analog, xanthine or its analog, alloclamide, cloperastine, tipepidine or pentoxiverin and (b) pseudoephedrine.

Les traitements symptomatiques de la toux chez l'enfant

Abstract: Treatment of chronic cough should always be etiologic. Recurrent viral infections are the most frequent problem. Utilisation of antitussive drugs must be limited, of short duration and without contraindications. Antitussive medications are classified in opiate and nonopiate, with central or peripheral action.

1,3-dioxolanes with antitussive activity

Abstract: (S)-3-(4-Phenyl-1-piperazinyl)-1,2-propanediol cyclic acetals useful as antitussive agents and as intermediates for the preparation of levodropropizine and the salts thereof, as well as a process for the preparation of said acetals, are disclosed.

Pharmacological control of cough.

Abstract: Cough constitutes an important medical problem in all ages. Although treatment of underlying pathologies, e.g., bronchial asthma, upper respiratory tract infection, etc. is well justified to cure cough, non-specific therapy in the form of a number of antitussive agents like, codeine, dextromethorphan, etc. is widely practiced to suppress it. Most of these agents are efficacious and well-tolerated. Nevertheless, CNS toxicities may occur in new-borns, especially those with immature metabolic profile. Some recent reports about interactions (involving hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes) between dextromethorphan and other drugs are also noteworthy.

2,2-disubstituted 1,3-dioxolanes as antitussive agents

Abstract: ± 3-(4-Phenyl-1-piperazinyl)-1,2-propanediol cyclic acetals, a process for the optical resolution thereof and their use as intermediates for the prepartion of (-) 3-(4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl)-1,2-propanediol (levodropropizine) and salts thereof.

Chapter 4. Recent developments in antitussive therapy

Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter presents various developments in antitussive therapy. Cough is a forceful defensive reflex maneuver that leads to expulsion of irritants, fluids, mucus, or foreign material from the respiratory tract. The reflex triggers a complex, multiphasic motor pattern characterized by sequential coordination of large increases in motor output to an array of inspiratory and expiratory skeletal muscles. Centrally active antitussive agents act preferentially by depressing the cough center at the level of the lower brainstem without affecting peripheral sensory or motor endplate effector responses. Antitussive agents may also act in the periphery to inhibit the sensory impulses that lead to the activation of the cough reflex. Activation of the NK 1 and NK 2 receptors by endogenous tachykinins has been associated with a variety of pathological conditions affecting the lung and bronchi including plasma extravasation, bronchoconstriction and cough. In addition to their central activity, neurokinin antagonists can also act at peripheral sites. NK 1 and NK 2 antagonists inhibit the proinflammatory, bronchoconstrictor and rapidly adapting receptors (RAR) stimulation activity of sensory tachykinins by a blocking action at the level of the effector cell.