Showing papers on "Antitussive Agent published in 2015"

Olodaterol attenuates citric acid-induced cough in naïve and ovalbumin-sensitized and challenged guinea pigs.

Abstract: Excessive coughing is a common feature of airway diseases. Different G-protein coupled receptors, including β2-adrenergic receptors (β2-AR), have been implicated in the molecular mechanisms underlying the cough reflex. However, the potential antitussive property of β2-AR agonists in patients with respiratory disease is a matter of ongoing debate. The aim of our study was to test the efficacy of the long-acting β2-AR agonist olodaterol with regard to its antitussive property in a pre-clinical model of citric acid-induced cough in guinea pigs and to compare the results to different clinically relevant β2-AR agonists. In our study β2-AR agonists were intratracheally administered, as dry powder, into the lungs of naive or ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pigs 15 minutes prior to induction of cough by exposure to citric acid. Cough events were counted over 15 minutes during the citric acid exposure. Olodaterol dose-dependently inhibited the number of cough events in naive and even more potently and with a greater maximal efficacy in ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pigs (p < 0.01). Formoterol and salmeterol showed a trend towards reducing cough. On the contrary, indacaterol demonstrated pro-tussive properties as it significantly increased the number of coughs, both in naive and ovalbumin-sensitized animals (p < 0.001). In conclusion, olodaterol, at doses eliciting bronchodilation, showed antitussive properties in a model of citric acid-induced cough in naive and ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pigs. This is in agreement with pre-clinical and clinical studies showing antitussive efficacy of β2-AR agonists. Indacaterol increased the number of coughs in this model, which concurs with clinical data where a transient cough has been observed after indacaterol inhalation. While the antitussive properties of β2-AR agonists can be explained by their ability to lead to the cAMP-induced hyperpolarization of the neuron membrane thereby inhibiting sensory nerve activation and the cough reflex, the mechanism underlying the pro-tussive property of indacaterol is not known.

Codeine: A Relook at the Old Antitussive.

Abstract: Cough is the most frequent complaint of patients seeking medical attention in general and hospital practice. Cough is controlled by treating the cause, however, when no cause can be found, symptomatic relief of cough must be considered. Treatment of dry cough resulting from increased sensitivity of the cough reflex remains a challenge in some subjects. Codeine in combination with other medicines has been a mainstay for the effective short-term symptomatic relief of dry or nonproductive cough in clinical practice. This article focuses on the current status of codeine as an antitussive formulation in the treatment of dry cough. Codeine is one of the centrally acting narcotic opioids approved for use as an antitussive, a prodrug that is bioactivated by CYP2D6 into morphine in the liver. The opioid effects of codeine are related to plasma morphine concentrations. Codeine is one of the most frequently used antitussive in clinical practice and has been widely regarded as the standard cough suppressant against which newer drugs are being evaluated. Codeine has an advantage as an antitussive because of its multifaceted effect as an analgesic and sedative along with cough suppression. However, codeine may have efficacy to suppress cough in humans only in specific situations. Caution is also needed to limit its use only when and as long as it is clinically necessary, particularly in children.

Is pholcodine a dangerous cough suppressant

Abstract: During the perioperative period, patients are exposed to multiple substances, including anaesthetics, analgesics and antibiotics, which could all potentially induce adverse drug reactions (ADRs), including hypersensitivity reactions. Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) are most frequently incriminated, being the causal agent in 50 to 70% of the cases of allergic reactions during anaesthesia. In a French study, the median incidence of allergic reactions to NMBAs has been reported to be 184 per million procedures. Another study in Western Australia reported a rate of anaphylaxis to NMBAs between 2.8 and 8.0 per 100 000 administrations. These adverse reactions, as are ADRs in general, are largely underreported. Recently, an increasing number of data have suggested a link between the consumption of pholcodine, an opioid cough suppressant, and immunoglobulin E (IgE)mediated anaphylactic reactions to NMBAs.

Soft gelatin capsule composition of anti-tussive agents

Abstract: The present invention relates to a soft-gelatin capsule formulation of antitussive agents More particularly, the present invention relates to soft-gelatin capsule formulation comprising Noscapine or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts alone or in combination with one or more therapeutically active agents

Antitussive activity of Vasa Avaleha formulations on sulfur dioxide‐induced coughing in mice

Abstract: Objective: Vasa Avaleha is a well‐known Ayurvedic compound formulation, known for its usefulness in respiratory disorders like cough,cold, bronchitis, bronchial asthma, etc. Though Adhatoda vasica individually studied for antitussive activity in animals, no scientificevidence was available for Vasa Avaleha. This prompted us to initiate a comparative antitussive activity of Vasa Avaleha and granulesof Vasa Avaleha in sulfur dioxide‐induced coughing in mice. Materials and Methods: The test drugs were prepared as per classicalguidelines and standards in the Departmental Laboratory of the Institute. The test drugs were administered orally at a dose of 1.56 g/kgand tested against sulfur dioxide‐induced coughing in mice for 5 min. Results: Vasa Avaleha significantly (P < 0.001) inhibited the sulfur dioxide‐induced cough reflexes in mice compared to control group. The effect was comparable to the standard drug Recodex,which contain codeine phosphate and chlorpheniramine maleate. Granules of Vasa Avaleha also produced significant (P < 0.001)decrease in cough reflexes compared to control group. The magnitude of the antitussive effect was more pronounced and significant in Vasa Avaleha treated group in comparison to granules of Vasa Avaleha. Conclusions: From the present study, it is concluded that Vasa Avaleha and granules of Vasa Avaleha may prove as useful and an effective antitussive agent which provides experimental evidence in support of the Ayurvedic ancient claim. Further, Avaleha form of test formulation can be converted to granule form and further evaluated in clinical studies for better human therapeutic uses. Key words: Adhatoda vasica Nees., antitussive activity, asthma, Avaleha, cough, vasa