Topic
Aphid
About: Aphid is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 11380 publications have been published within this topic receiving 229721 citations. The topic is also known as: Aphidoidea & plant lice.
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TL;DR: The carabid beetle Harpalus rufipes has been examined with respect to food preference and food quality, and the value of insects as a food source was much lower than thevalue of seeds, for the larvae as well as for the adults.
82 citations
TL;DR: The turnip aphid, Lipaphis (Hyadaphis) erysimi, responds weakly to (E)-β-farnesene, but the response is substantially increased by incorporating plant-derived isothiocyanates, identified in aphid volatiles by coupled gas chromatography-single-cell recording.
Abstract: The turnip aphid,Lipaphis (Hyadaphis) erysimi, responds weakly to (E)-β-farnesene, the main component of the alarm pheromone, but the response is substantially increased by incorporating plant-derived isothiocyanates, identified in aphid volatiles by coupled gas chromatography-single-cell recording.
81 citations
01 Feb 1979
TL;DR: The interrelationship of an Iranian ecotype of Trioxys pallidas and the walnut aphid, Chromaphis juglandicola, was assessed over a 4-year period at two localities in California, realizing major economic benefits by the elimination of the aphid as a pest in springtime.
Abstract: The interrelationship of an Iranian ecotype of Trioxys pallidas (Hal.) (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) and the walnut aphid, Chromaphis juglandicola (Kale), (Homoptera: Callaphididae), was assessed over a 4-year period at two localities
in California. Limited additional data were obtained from other localities. Trioxys pallidas, a highly efficient parasite, which is biologically adapted to and phenologically
synchronized with C. juglandicola, has brought about substantial biological control of this pest. Trioxys pallidus substantially dampens the aphid’s vernal oscillation, and normally restrains the
amplitude of the summer and autumnal oscillations. Major economic benefits have been
realized by the elimination of the aphid as a pest in springtime. Trioxys pallidus is at times heavily attacked by non-specific hyperparasites, but these, at most,
hinder it but slightly. Certain insecticides can disrupt T. pallidus activity, permitting aphid outbreaks. Prolonged aphid scarcity, possibly abetted
by hyperparasitism, also may cause a breakdown in parasite activity and a temporary
aphid resurgence in midseason. During the 4 years of investigation, this occurred
on one occasion in one of the study plots. More than one-half million dollars have
accrued annually to the California walnut industry as a result of the C. juglandicola biological control program.
81 citations
TL;DR: Results show that soybean potassium deficiency can lead to higher populations of soybean aphid through a bottom-up effect, suggesting that host plant potassium deficiency improves the nitrogen nutrition of these N-limited insects.
Abstract: The soybean aphid is an invasive pest in the midwest United States, with frequent population outbreaks. Previous work has shown that aphid population densities are higher on potassium-deficient soybean than on healthy soybean. The experiments reported here test the hypotheses that the potassium nutrition of the host plant affects the forms of phloem nitrogen available to soybean aphids, and subsequently, their abundance. In field surveys and an exclusion cage study when aphid populations were high, soybean plants with potassium deficiency symptoms had a higher density of soybean aphids than plants without deficiency symptoms. In clip cage experiments, this effect was caused by earlier aphid reproduction and higher numbers of aphid nymphs per mother on plants growing in lower-potassium soil. In phloem exudation samples, the percentage of asparagine, an important amino acid for aphid nutrition, increased with decreasing soil potassium, perhaps because of potassium’s role in the nitrogen use of the plant. Taken together, these results show that soybean potassium deficiency can lead to higher populations of soybean aphid through a bottom-up effect. A possible mechanism for this relationship is that soybean potassium deficiency improves the nitrogen nutrition of these N-limited insects. By releasing these herbivores from N limitation, host plant potassium deficiency may allow soybean aphid populations to reach higher levels more rapidly in the field.
81 citations
TL;DR: The relative fecundity of the aphids on the two ages of leaf paralleled their feeding preferences most closely in the apterae, less so in the alate virginoparae and least in the gynoparaes.
Abstract: Experiments on the feeding preferences and relative fecundity of Aphis fabae among leaves of different ages and kinds were extended to the comparison of different forms of the aphid: apterous and alate virginoparae and gynoparae.
All three forms showed a preference for the primary host, Euonymus, over a secondary host, sugar beet, but this preference was strongest in the gynoparae, weaker in the alate virginoparae and weakest in the apterae. The relative fecundity of the aphids on the two kinds of leaf paralleled their feeding preferences most closely in the gynoparae, less so in the alate virginoparae and least in the apterae.
All three forms also showed some preference for growing over mature leaves of the same kind, but this preference was strongest in the apterous virginoparae, weaker in the alate virginoparae and weakest in the gynoparae. The relative fecundity of the aphids on the two ages of leaf paralleled their feeding preferences most closely in the apterae, less so in the alate virginoparae and least in the gynoparae.
The physiological, ecological and evolutionary significance of the results is discussed in the light of the dual discrimination theory of aphid host selection.
81 citations