Aphid

About: Aphid is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 11380 publications have been published within this topic receiving 229721 citations. The topic is also known as: Aphidoidea & plant lice.

Transmission of Spanish pepper- and potato-PVY isolates by aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) vectors: epidemiological implications

Abstract: Transmission of Potato Virus Y (PVY) by several aphid vectors was studied under laboratory and greenhouse conditions to determine vector propensity on sweet pepper ( Capsicum annum L.) plants. Laboratory experiments were conducted with three PVY strains: pepper-PVY pathotype φ (PVYφ) and potato-PVY (ordinary strain, PVY∘, and necrotic-type strain, PVYN). Pepper (‘Yolo Wonder’), tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L., ‘xhanthi nc’), and potato ( Solanum tuberosum L., ‘Bintje’) were used as virus sources or test plants, or both. Results showed that both pepper-PVY and potato-PVY strains were transmissible by Myzus persicae Sulzer to pepper plants, although potato-PVY∘ and – PVYN are less efficiently transmitted than PVY∘. Transmission tests between different species of aphids using PVY∘-infected pepper and tobacco as source plants indicated that M. persicae was the most efficient vector, followed by Aphis gossypii Glover and Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris. Aphis fabae Scopoli also was capable of transmitting PVY∘, but with much less efficiency. Greenhouse experiments designed to evaluate the dispersion (secondary spread) of PVY by alatae aphids indicated that M. persicae transmitted the virus at the highest rate. Aphis fabae and Aphis gossypii also were able to spread PVY efficiently under test conditions. Previous works indicated that non-colonizer species, principally in the genus Aphis , have much higher alate activity in open field conditions (higher landing rate) than M. persicae . Therefore, much of the natural spread of virus may be by species that are not commonly found feeding on pepper crops.

Thermal constants for development of the pea aphid (homoptera: aphididae) and some of its parasites

Abstract: The relationship between the temperature and the speed of development is described for the Kamloops ‘biotype’ of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, and some of its associated hymenopterous parasites. The primary parasites are: Aphidius ervi ervi, A. ervi pulcher, A. smithi, and Praon pequodorum; and the secondary parasites are: Asaphes lucens and Dendrocerus niger. For each species the lower temperature threshold for development and the time-to-adult was determined under constant laboratory conditions using field-grown alfalfa as a host plant for the pea aphid and the first-generation offspring of field-collected aphids and parasites. The thermal constants enable the prediction of aphid and parasite population growth, as influenced by temperature, on a physiological time-scale.

Transgenic Expression of Onion Leaf Lectin Gene in Indian Mustard Offers Protection against Aphid Colonization

Abstract: Genes of three naturally occurring monocot mannose-binding lectins from snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis L. agglutinin, GNA), garlic (Allium sativum L. leaf agglutinin, ASAL), and onion (Allium cepaL. agglutinin, ACA) and a recombinant fusion lectin between ASAL and ACA genes were expressed in a bacterial system. The pure and active form of the recombinant lectin peptides were utilized for estimation of their sensitivity potential against feeding nymphs of mustard aphid [Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach)], a major sap-sucking insect pest of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.], an oilseed crop. The artificial diet bioassay revealed that ACA and the fusion lectin contained higher toxicity potential than GNA and ASAL. Ectopic expression of these lectins in mustard plants confirmed their protective capacity on the development of the population of aphids on transgenic plants. Based on the strong possibilities that lectins originating from diverse sources would have differential insecticidal potential against different insects, deployment of the appropriate lectin gene figures as crucial in the transgenic approach to protect crop plants against sapsucking insect pests.

Chemically-induced resistance against multiple pests in cotton

Abstract: Plants can be treated with natural elicitors to induce resistance to herbivores. The effects of induced resistance to cotton aphids Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae), two-spotted spider mites Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), and western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in cotton plants were investigated using applications of the natural plant inducer, jasmonic acid (JA). Preference was reduced by more than 60% for aphids and spider mites, and more than 90% for thrips on JA-induced leaves compared with control leaves. Survival of aphid nymphs was reduced by two-fold and percentage of nymphs attaining the adult stage was reduced by about eight-fold on induced leaves compared with controls. Induction reduced survival and reproduction of adult aphids by about 40% and 75%, respectively. Induction did not affect survival in spider mites or thrips. However, induction reduced egg production in spider mites by more than 75% and feeding in thri...