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Aphid

About: Aphid is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 11380 publications have been published within this topic receiving 229721 citations. The topic is also known as: Aphidoidea & plant lice.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Investigation of the impacts of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) and ozone (O3) on the performance of the aphid Cepegillettea betulaefoliae Granovsky found individual performance did not predict population responses to CO2 and O3 and elevated CO2and O3 atmospheres are unlikely to affect populations in the presence of natural enemy communities.
Abstract: Changes in atmospheric composition affect plant quality and herbivore performance. We used the Aspen Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) facility to investigate the impacts of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) and ozone (O3) on the performance of the aphid Cepegillettea betulaefoliae Granovsky feeding on paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.). In Year 1, we simultaneously measured individual performance and population growth rates, and in Year 2 we surveyed natural aphid, predator and parasitoid populations throughout the growing season. Aphid growth and development (relative growth rate (RGR), development time, adult weight, embryo number and the birth weight of newborn nymphs) were unaffected by CO2 and O3. Aphid fecundity decreased on trees grown at elevated CO2 ,O 3 and CO2 1O3. Neither nymphal performance nor adult size were reliable indicators of future fecundity at elevated CO2 and/or O3. Aphid populations protected from natural enemies were unaffected by elevated CO2, but increased significantly at elevated O3. Individual fecundity in elevated CO2 and O3 atmospheres did not predict population growth rates, probably because of changes in the strength of intraspecific competition or the ability of the aphids to induce nutrient sinks. Natural aphid, predator and parasitoids populations (Year 2) showed few significant responses to CO2 and O3, although CO2 and O3 did affect the timing of aphid and natural enemy peak abundance. Elevated CO2 and O3 affected aphid and natural enemy populations independently: no CO2 O3 interactions were observed. We conclude that: (1) aphid individual performance did not predict population responses to CO2 and O3 and (2) elevated CO2 and O3 atmospheres are unlikely to affect C. betulaefoliae populations in the presence of natural enemy communities.

74 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Role of zanhic acid tridesmoside and 3-GlcA,28-AraRhaXyl medicagenic acid glycoside as potential factors for partial resistance of alfalfa towards the pea aphid is discussed.

74 citations

01 Jun 2014
TL;DR: It is concluded that CMV induces specific changes in a plant host that modify the alighting, settling and probing behaviour of its main vector A. gossypii, leading to optimum transmission and spread of the virus.
Abstract: Plant viruses are known to modify the behaviour of their insect vectors, both directly and indirectly,generally adapting to each type of virus?vector relationship in a way that enhances transmissionefficiency. Here, we report results of three different studies showing how a virus transmitted in a non-persistent (NP) manner (Cucumber mosaic virus; CMV, Cucumovirus) can induce changes in its host plant,cucumber (Cucumis sativus cv. Marumba) that modifies the behaviour of its aphid vector (Aphis gossypiiGlover; Hemiptera: Aphididae) in a way that enhances virus transmission and spread non-viruliferousaphids changed their alighting, settling and probing behaviour activities over time when exposed toCMV-infected and mock-inoculated cucumber plants. Aphids exhibited no preference to migrate fromCMV-infected to mock-inoculated plants at short time intervals (1, 10 and 30 min after release), butshowed a clear shift in preference to migrate from CMV-infected to mock-inoculated plants 60 min afterrelease. Our free-choice preference assays showed that A. gossypii alates preferred CMV-infected overmock-inoculated plants at an early stage (30 min), but this behaviour was reverted at a later stage andaphids preferred to settle and reproduce on mock-inoculated plants. The electrical penetration graph(EPG) technique revealed a sharp change in aphid probing behaviour over time when exposed to CMV-infected plants. At the beginning (first 15 min) aphid vectors dramatically increased the number of shortsuperficial probes and intracellular punctures when exposed to CMV-infected plants. At a later stage (sec-ond hour of recording) aphids diminished their feeding on CMV-infected plants as indicated by much lesstime spent in phloem salivation and ingestion (E1 and E2). This particular probing behaviour includingan early increase in the number of short superficial probes and intracellular punctures followed by aphloem feeding deterrence is known to enhance the transmission efficiency of viruses transmitted in aNP manner. We conclude that CMV induces specific changes in a plant host that modify the alighting,settling and probing behaviour of its main vector A. gossypii, leading to optimum transmission and spreadof the virus. Our findings should be considered when modelling the spread of viruses transmitted in a NPmanner.

74 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: IT835-720-20 is a promising variety with useful genetic resource for cowpea breeding programs aimed at developing resistant varieties against A. craccivora, and may suggest that antibiosis is the modality of resistance.
Abstract: The cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch, is an important pest of cowpea Vigna unguiculata (L. Walp.) in most tropical regions where cowpea is grown. We used life table and population parameters of the cowpea aphids reared on five cowpea varieties to assess the degree of host plant resistance. The five varieties were Blackeye, B005-C, INIA-37, IT835-720-20 and TVX3671-14C-OID. The parameters measured were fecundity, survival, intrinsic rate of natural increase, pre-reproductive period and relative growth rate of cowpea aphids. Our hypothesis was that cowpea varieties resistant to A. craccivora would have significant effects on life table parameters of the aphid when compared to a susceptible variety. Mean fecundity, age-specific fecundity, survival rates, intrinsic rate of natural increase (r m), pre-reproductive period and relative growth rate differed significantly among varieties. Fecundity, survival, intrinsic rate of natural increase and mean relative growth rate were significantly lower on variety IT835-720-20 compared to susceptible variety Blackeye. The pre-reproductive period was significantly delayed on variety IT835-720-20 compared to other varieties. The adverse effects of variety IT835-720-20 on life table parameters of A. craccivora indicate the presence of host plant resistance. Prolonged pre-reproductive period and reduction in reproductive performance of A. craccivora on variety IT835-720-20 may suggest that antibiosis is the modality of resistance. However, further detailed studies that include determination of biochemical and morphological characteristics that mediate resistance need to be carried out. IT835-720-20 is, therefore, a promising variety with useful genetic resource for cowpea breeding programs aimed at developing resistant varieties against A. craccivora.

74 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023387
20221,082
2021337
2020393
2019373
2018382