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Aphid

About: Aphid is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 11380 publications have been published within this topic receiving 229721 citations. The topic is also known as: Aphidoidea & plant lice.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Investigation of facultative symbiont species richness and prevalence among worldwide populations of the cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch finds that even when symbionts prevalence is relatively low, symbionT-associated phenotypic variation may allow population-level evolutionary responses to local selection.
Abstract: Facultative bacterial endosymbionts can play an important role in the evolutionary trajectory of their hosts. Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are infected with a wide variety of facultative endosymbionts that can confer ecologically relevant traits, which in turn may drive microevolutionary processes in a dynamic selective environment. However, relatively little is known about how symbiont diversity is structured in most aphid species. Here, we investigate facultative symbiont species richness and prevalence among worldwide populations of the cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch. We surveyed 44 populations of A. craccivora, and detected 11 strains of facultative symbiotic bacteria, representing six genera. There were two significant associations between facultative symbiont and aphid food plant: the symbiont Arsenophonus was found at high prevalence in A. craccivora populations collected from Robinia sp. (locust), whereas the symbiont Hamiltonella was almost exclusively found in A. craccivora populations from Medicago sativa (alfalfa). Aphids collected from these two food plants also had divergent mitochondrial haplotypes, potentially indicating the formation of specialized aphid lineages associated with food plant (host-associated differentiation). The role of facultative symbionts in this process remains to be determined. Overall, observed facultative symbiont prevalence in A. craccivora was lower than that of some other well-studied aphids (e.g., Aphis fabae and Acyrthosiphon pisum), possibly as a consequence of A. craccivora's almost purely parthenogenetic life history. Finally, most (70 %) of the surveyed populations were polymorphic for facultative symbiont infection, indicating that even when symbiont prevalence is relatively low, symbiont-associated phenotypic variation may allow population-level evolutionary responses to local selection.

68 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Apterous adult and nymphal Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), previously reared on plants infected with barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), were subjected to eight perturbations to determine effects on aphid dispersal and pattern of local spread of BYDV to oats in greenhouse experiments.
Abstract: Apterous adult and nymphal Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), previously reared on plants infected with barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), were subjected to eight perturbations (wind, rain, herbicide, coccinellid predators, crowding, mechanical disturbance, drought, and virus-infected plants) to determine effects on aphid dispersal and pattern of local spread of BYDV to oats in greenhouse experiments. Viruliferous aphids, caged overnight on oat plants in a 25-plant area (infection focus) in the center of each 625-plant plot, were subjected to a given perturbation after cages were removed and then allowed to move freely within the plot for 2 d. Presence of virus-infected plants outside the infection focus provided indirect evidence of aphid movement and direct evidence of virus spread. All types of disturbances except rain caused movement of apterous aphids and spread of BYDV. For all except the rain perturbation, controls were pooled and compared by paired t-tests with means of three indices of infection pattern (incidence, total distance, and average distance) for each experimental treatment. Incidence of infection (number of infected plants located outside the infection focus) in treated plots was significantly greater than pooled controls for the crowding, predator, wind, and herbicide perturbations. Total distance of infection (the sum of distances from the central plant in the infection focus to each infected plant outside the focus) was significantly greater in mechanical disturbance, crowding, predator, drought, wind, and herbicide perturbations than in controls. Average distance of infection (total distance divided by incidence) in treated plots was significantly greater than in the pooled controls for the drought, wind, and virusinfected oat treatments.

68 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The resident community of natural enemies in Midwestern soybean may have great potential to regulate soybean aphid populations, given the rapidity and degree of density-dependent population decline in three consecutive years of study.

68 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: There was a significant negative relationship between the concentration of sugar esters on the leaf and the level of potato aphid infestation in a segregating L. esculentum × L. pannellii F2 population.
Abstract: Behavioral studies have shown that aphid resistance in Lycopersicon pennellii (Corr.) D'Arcy is due to the presence of sugar esters in glandular exudate of the type IV trichomes. In this study, various methods for the estimation of epicuticular sugar ester concentrations were examined. There was a significant negative relationship between the concentration of sugar esters on the leaf and the level of potato aphid infestation in a segregating L. esculentum × L. pannellii F2 population. Selection for sugar ester accumulation should be an efficient selection technique for the aphid resistance of L. pennellii and other species that synthesize epicuticular sugar esters. The wild Peruvian tomato species (Lycopersicon pennellii (Corr.) D'Arcy) is a potential source of resistance to insects and other phytophagous pests of the cultivated tomato (L. esculen- tum Mill.) (de Ponti et al., 1975; Georgia and Sotirova, 1978; Gentile and Stoner, 1968a, 1968b; Gentile et al., 1968; Gentile et al., 1969; Goffreda et al., 1988; Juvik et al., 1982), Potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas) resistance in L. pen- nellii is related to the presence of glucose esters in type IV trichome exudate (Goffreda, 1988; Goffreda et al., 1989). The 2,3,4-tri-O-acylglucoses of L. pennellii are composed of C 4 to Cl2 fatty acids, including 2-methylpropanoic, 2-methylbutan - oic, 3-methylbutanoic, 8-methylnonano ic, n-decanoic, and n- dodecanoic acids (Burke et al., 1987). In laboratory bioassays, purified glucose esters significantly deter aphid settling at con- centrations as low as 25 µg·cm -2 ; at concentrations of 100 µm·cm -2

68 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, 139 extracts from 123 plant species of 38 families of the Kyrgyzstan flora were assessed for their insectoacaricidal and behavior-modifying activities against three species of phytophagous pests: the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis Perg.

68 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023387
20221,082
2021337
2020393
2019373
2018382