Topic
Aphid
About: Aphid is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 11380 publications have been published within this topic receiving 229721 citations. The topic is also known as: Aphidoidea & plant lice.
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TL;DR: Aphids from Lehonia had significantly higher mean values for developmental time on tobacco than clones from the other regions whereas the opposite was observed when aphids were reared on pepper.
Abstract: The performance of eighteen clones of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) on pepper and tobacco plants at 20°C and L16:D8 and the choice of young adult apterae between tobacco and pepper leaf-discs were examined. The clones were collected from weeds and peach in two tobacco-growing regions: Katerini, northern Greece and Karditsa, central Greece (only from weeds) and from Lehonia, central eastern Greece where tobacco is not cultivated. All clones did well on both hosts. However, the analysis of data revealed a significant effect of ‘region / host plant origin’ on aphid performance. The mean values of adult weight, intrinsic rate of increase and fecundity of the clones collected in Lehonia and reared on tobacco were significantly lower than the observed values for clones from Katerini and Karditsa. Aphids from Lehonia had significantly higher mean values for developmental time on tobacco than clones from the other regions whereas the opposite was observed when aphids were reared on pepper. Aphids collected in Lehonia performed better on pepper than those originating from the tobacco-growing regions. A choice test revealed differences among the clones originating from different regions. Fifty three percent and 43% of aphids from weeds and peach from Lehonia, respectively, chose pepper. By comparison 41.5% and 40.0% of aphids from peach and weeds from Katerini, respectively and 49.5% of aphids from Karditsa preferred tobacco. The results are discussed in relation to host specialization in M. persicae.
68 citations
TL;DR: This work aims to provide a single source for quantitative determination of the phytochemical properties of Aphid Response to E.coli A, which has the potential to provide clues to the origin of E. Coli and its role in agriculture.
Abstract: J. Hardie t'3, S. F. Nottingham 1, W. Powell 2 & L. J. Wadhams 2 ~ Agricultural and Food Research Council Linked Research Group in Aphid Biology, Department of Biology, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2AZ, UK; 2 AFRC Institute of Arable Crops Research, Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ, UK; 3present address: AFRC Linked Research Group in Aphid Biology, Imperial College at Silwood Park, Ascot, Berks. SL5 7 PY, UK
67 citations
TL;DR: The black bean aphid was heavily parasitized by the aphid parasitoid, Lysiphlebus fabarum both on agricultural crops and on associated weeds and Habitat diversity contributed to an increase of parasitism on fodder beet but not on broad bean.
Abstract: The black bean aphid (Aphis fabae) was heavily parasitized by the aphid parasitoid, Lysiphlebus fabarum both on agricultural crops (broad bean, fodder beet) and on associated weeds (goosefoot, chamomile, tansy). Parasitization rates increased during the season and were lower on broad bean than on other host plants. Habitat diversity contributed to an increase of parasitism on fodder beet but not on broad bean. Ant-attendance lead to increased parasitism on all host plants. The findings of the field studies were confirmed by laboratory experiments on foraging and oviposition behaviour of L. fabarum females on the various host plants.
67 citations
TL;DR: Coccinellidae were the most efficient predators of T. citricida, and Syrphid flies were other important predators, especially Pseudodorus clavatus (Florida and Puerto Rico) and Ocyptamus fuscipennis (Puerto Rico).
Abstract: Sixteen cohorts of the brown citrus aphid, Toxoptera citricida, were followed from colony initiation to maturation/extinction in citrus groves at two sites in Puerto Rico and nine sites in Florida, USA. Infested citrus terminals were sampled repeatedly in a non-destructive manner and data recorded on the recruitment of natural enemies and the fate of aphid colonies. Coccinellidae were the most efficient predators of T. citricida, primarily Cycloneda sanguinea, and Coelophora inaequalis (Puerto Rico), C. sanguinea, Harmonia axyridis (Florida). Coccinellids were abundant in citrus year-round in Puerto Rico, but in Florida citrus their abundance peaked in spring and declined thereafter. Syrphid flies were other important predators, especially Pseudodorus clavatus (Florida and Puerto Rico) and Ocyptamus fuscipennis (Puerto Rico). Syrphids increased in abundance from spring to fall in both regions. Other predators included Cereaochrysa lineaticornis, Chrysoperla rufilabris (Chrysopidae) and Micromus posticus (Hemerobiidae). The parasitoid Lysiphlebus testaceipes was ubiquitous in T. citricida cohorts, but its impact on colony survival was usually low. The fungal pathogen Verticillium lecanii was a significant source of colony mortality at one site in Puerto Rico, but was not observed on T. citricida in Florida.
67 citations
TL;DR: Results indicate that any natural selection imposed by aphids and spittlebugs on goldenrod will depend on the presence or absence of branch‐causing herbivores, and selection for plant resistance may depend as much on the assemblage of insect species present as on the identity of each individual species.
Abstract: Although there is considerable evidence indicating that herbivory is detrimental to plant fitness, some recent studies of the evolution of plant resistance have concluded that insects do not impose selection on their host plants. A previously untested assumption that underlies most studies of the evolution of plant resistance is that insect distribution patterns are controlled directly by the effects of plant genotype on insect preference and performance. The experiments described here explicitly tested this assumption using the specialist herbivore Uroleucon tissoti (Homoptera: Aphididae) and its host plant Solidago altissima (Asteraceae). Measures of aphid preference and performance were used to predict aphid distribution patterns, and then the predicted distribution patterns were compared with the natural distribution pattern. Although goldenrod genotype had a strong effect on aphid distribution, aphid distribution was not controlled directly by the effect of goldenrod genotype on aphid preference and performance. Instead, a second experiment demonstrated that aphid and spittlebug (Philaenus spumarius and Lepyronia quadrangularis Homoptera: Cercopidae) distribution is controlled largely by genetic variation for resistance to a suite of "branch-causing" herbivores. These herbivores induce branching and aphids and spittlebugs are more abundant on branched plants than unbranched plants. These results indicate that any natural selection imposed by aphids and spittlebugs on goldenrod will depend on the presence or absence of branch-causing herbivores. Thus, selection for plant resistance may depend as much on the assemblage of insect species present as on the identity of each individual species.
67 citations