Topic
Aphid
About: Aphid is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 11380 publications have been published within this topic receiving 229721 citations. The topic is also known as: Aphidoidea & plant lice.
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TL;DR: Segregation data suggest that two major recessive genes are involved in the resistance in PI 567541B and PI567598B, which will be useful to breeders for designing efficient breeding schemes for developing soybean cultivars with antibiosis resistance to aphids.
Abstract: In a previous study, two soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] plant introductions (Pls), PI 567541B and PI 567598B, were found to possess antibiosis-type resistance to the soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura). Plants with antibiosis resistance negatively interfere with the reproduction of the aphid and thus control the insect effectively. Field studies were conducted to determine the inheritance of antibiosis resistance in PI 567541B and PI 567598B. The two resistant Pls were crossed with one or two susceptible soybean lines and the F 1 and F 2 plants and F 2:3 families were evaluated for aphid resistance. All F 1 plants were found to be susceptible to soybean aphids. The plants in seven F 2 populations segregated in a 15:1 susceptible/ resistant ratio, which is the expected ratio for a trait controlled by two recessive genes. The F 23 families also segregated in a 15:1 susceptible/resistant ratio. Therefore, the segregation data suggest that two major recessive genes are involved in the resistance in PI 567541B and PI 567598B. This information will be useful to breeders for designing efficient breeding schemes for developing soybean cultivars with antibiosis resistance to aphids.
63 citations
TL;DR: The synergistic effects of genotypes on population size were demonstrated by the greater aphid population size in the mixed-genotype treatment than expected from additive effects alone, and two non-exclusive hypotheses are proposed to explain this pattern.
Abstract: It is critical to incorporate the process of population dynamics into community genetics studies to identify the mechanisms of the linkage between host plant genetics and associated communities. We studied the effects of plant genotypic diversity of tall goldenrod Solidago altissima on the population dynamics of the aphid Uroleucon nigrotuberculatum. We found genotypic variation in plant resistance to the aphid in our experiments. To determine the impact of plant genotypic diversity on aphid population dynamics, we compared aphid densities under conditions of three treatments: single-genotype plots, mixed-genotype plots and mixed-genotype-with-cages plots. In the latter treatment plants were individually caged to prevent natural enemy attack and aphid movement among plants. The synergistic effects of genotypes on population size were demonstrated by the greater aphid population size in the mixed-genotype treatment than expected from additive effects alone. Two non-exclusive hypotheses are proposed to explain this pattern. First, there is a source–sink relationship among plant genotypes: aphids move from plant genotypes where their reproduction is high to genotypes where their reproduction is low. Second, natural enemy mortality is reduced in mixed plots in a matrix of diverse plant genotypes.
63 citations
TL;DR: Aphid transmission of watermelon mosaic virus 2 and zucchini yellow mosaic virus was studied in the laboratory and field to evaluate species of probable importance in the epidemiology of each virus.
Abstract: Aphid transmission of watermelon mosaic virus 2 (WMV 2) and zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) was studied in the laboratory and field to evaluate species of probable importance in the epidemiology of each virus. Relative transmission efficiencies among species were compared using alates obtained from laboratory-maintained colonies as well as from natural populations collected with an aerial net. In laboratory studies, Myzus persicae, Aphis gossypii, and Acyrthosiphon pisum transmitted WMV 2 with 18, 16, and 16% efficiencies, respectively (...)
63 citations
TL;DR: Two insecticide‐resistant clones of the closely related tobacco aphid Myzus nicotianae have elevated esterases indistinguishable from E4 and FE4 and amplified esterase DNA sequences, and flanking regions, with identical restriction maps to the M. persicae genes.
Abstract: Biochemical and molecular studies have established that in the peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae, insecticide resistance is conferred by amplification of genes encoding the insecticide-detoxifying esterases E4 or FE4. Here we report that two insecticide-resistant clones of the closely related tobacco aphid Myzus nicotianae have elevated esterases indistinguishable from E4 and FE4 and amplified esterase DNA sequences, and flanking regions, with identical restriction maps to the M. persicae genes. Furthermore, the DNA sequences of c. 630 bp fragments of the E4 and FE4 genes of M. persicae are different from each other but identical to the fragment from corresponding M. nicotianae clones. The existence of apparently identical insecticide resistance genes in the two species can be best explained by the selection of the amplified genes in M. persicae, transfer to hybrids of M. persicae and M. nicotianae by sexual reproduction and subsequent spread through M. nicotianae populations.
63 citations
TL;DR: This strategy of using imidacloprid as seed dressing allowed easy application, gave adequate reliable control of aphids and less hazardous to the environment.
63 citations