Topic
Aphid
About: Aphid is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 11380 publications have been published within this topic receiving 229721 citations. The topic is also known as: Aphidoidea & plant lice.
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TL;DR: Third and fourth instar larvae of Harmonia axyridis were released in spring into rose beds infested by the aphid Macrosiphum rosae and their efficiency is comparable with that of chemical treatments performed in neighbouring rose beds and the subsequent development of aphid populations was the same after these two types of treatments.
Abstract: Third and fourth instar larvae of Harmonia axyridis were released in spring into rose beds infested by the aphid Macrosiphum rosae. These biological treatments induced stabilization or a decrease of the aphid populations. Their efficiency is comparable with that of chemical treatments performed in neighbouring rose beds and the subsequent development of aphid populations was the same after these two types of treatments. The rearing condition of H. axyridis, particularly its feeding on a substitute prey (lepidopteran eggs), the climate, particularly the rainfall and low temperatures, sometimes near the development threshold of the coccinellid, and possibly the rose bush variety did not seem to affect its potential predatory efficiency. An aphid density of more than thirty aphids per rose bush appears to be necessary for the larvae to remain on the plants, when fifty larvae were released per four bushes.
61 citations
TL;DR: The clover-colonizers (spotted clover aphid, SCA) and the lucerne-col onizers (SAA) are each host-restricted forms (biotypes) of T. trifolii .
Abstract: The aphid Therioaphis trifolii (Monell) is indigenous to the western Palaearctic region, where it colonizes lucerne (alfalfa), clovers and related legumes. A form of the species, T. trifolii f. maculata (the spotted alfalfa aphid, SAA), has been known in Australia since 1977, feeding almost exclusively on Medicago sativa (lucerne). Since 1989, T. trifolii has been found in Australia colonizing Trifolium subterraneum (subclover). We have compared samples of T. trifolii in Australia collected on lucerne and subclover using several techniques: survival and reproduction on different hosts, morphology, cuticular hydrocarbon profile, karyology, and a combination of RAPD-PCR and mitochondrial DNA (cytochrome oxidase) genetic markers. Whereas there were no distinct differences in cuticular hydrocarbons and karyology, we found significant correlated differences between the host on which aphids were collected, some morphological characters, and the genotypes of the aphids. Aphids collected from lucerne were always of one genetic type, and nearly all those from subclover were of another. Both groups of aphids are morphologically distinguishable from the yellow clover aphid (YCA), the other form of the species recognized so far. We conclude that the clover-colonizers (spotted clover aphid, SCA) and the lucerne-colonizers (SAA) are each host-restricted forms (biotypes) of T. trifolii. Estimates of mtDNA divergence are in the range of conspecific to closely congeneric, as compared with other insects including aphids. We developed simple diagnostic DNA tests to distinguish the two pest aphids.
61 citations
TL;DR: The first aphid honeydew proteome analysis is provided, and it is proposed to reconsider the importance of this substance, mainly acknowledged to be a waste product, from the aphid ecology perspective.
Abstract: Aphids feed on the phloem sap of plants, and are the most common honeydew-producing insects. While aphid honeydew is primarily considered to comprise sugars and amino acids, its protein diversity has yet to be documented. Here, we report on the investigation of the honeydew proteome from the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. Using a two-Dimensional Differential in-Gel Electrophoresis (2D-Dige) approach, more than 140 spots were isolated, demonstrating that aphid honeydew also represents a diverse source of proteins. About 66% of the isolated spots were identified through mass spectrometry analysis, revealing that the protein diversity of aphid honeydew originates from several organisms (i.e. the host aphid and its microbiota, including endosymbiotic bacteria and gut flora). Interestingly, our experiments also allowed to identify some proteins like chaperonin, GroEL and Dnak chaperones, elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu), and flagellin that might act as mediators in the plant-aphid interaction. In addition to providing the first aphid honeydew proteome analysis, we propose to reconsider the importance of this substance, mainly acknowledged to be a waste product, from the aphid ecology perspective.
61 citations
61 citations
TL;DR: Investigation of the effect of dual attack on the ability of three parasitoid species to differentiate between volatiles induced by hosts and those induced by a combination of hosts and nonhosts found it to be simple correlations between behaviour and volatile emissions in pairwise comparisons.
61 citations