Topic
Aphid
About: Aphid is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 11380 publications have been published within this topic receiving 229721 citations. The topic is also known as: Aphidoidea & plant lice.
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TL;DR: The results indicate that the accessory bacterial taxa are distributed across multiple aphid species, although with variable prevalence, and that laboratory culture does not generally result in a shift in the bacterial community in aphids.
Abstract: The bacterial communities of aphids were investigated by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of 16S rRNA gene fragments generated by PCR with general eubacterial primers By both methods, the gamma-proteobacterium Buchnera was detected in laboratory cultures of six parthenogenetic lines of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum and one line of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae, and one or more of four previously described bacterial taxa were also detected in all aphid lines except one of A pisum These latter bacteria, collectively known as secondary symbionts or accessory bacteria, comprised three taxa of gamma-proteobacteria (R-type [PASS], T-type [PABS], and U-type [PAUS]) and a rickettsia (S-type [PAR]) Complementary analysis of aphids from natural populations of four aphid species (A pisum [n = 74], Amphorophora rubi [n = 109], Aphis sarothamni [n = 42], and Microlophium carnosum [n = 101]) from a single geographical location revealed Buchnera and up to three taxa of accessory bacteria, but no other bacterial taxa, in each aphid The prevalence of accessory bacterial taxa varied significantly among aphid species but not with the sampling month (between June and August 2000) These results indicate that the accessory bacterial taxa are distributed across multiple aphid species, although with variable prevalence, and that laboratory culture does not generally result in a shift in the bacterial community in aphids Both the transmission patterns of the accessory bacteria between individual aphids and their impact on aphid fitness are suggested to influence the prevalence of accessory bacterial taxa in natural aphid populations
142 citations
Book•
01 Oct 1990
TL;DR: Aphid-Plant genotype interactions-perspective, a model system for the study of phytotoxic homoptera, and molecular interactions of intracellular symbionts and aphids.
Abstract: Aphid-Plant genotype interactions-perspective (H.F. van Emden). Ecological interactions of aphids and their host plants (A.F.G. Dixon). Aphid host plant ecology: The bird cherry-oat aphid as a model (S. Wiktelius et al). Experimental studies on some aphid life-cycle patterns and the hybridization of two sibling species (G.X. Zhang, T.S. Zhong). The population biological consequences of a mosaic-like population structure in Macrosiphum rosae (K. Wohrmann, J. Tomiuk). The use of restriction fragment length polymorphisms to study the ecology and evolutionary biology of aphid-plant interactions (K.N. Paige et al). Continuous recording of stylet penetration activities by aphids (W.F. Tjallingii). Aphid stylet movement and host-plant reaction in the case of adelgidae on spruce (O. Rohfritsch). Resistance mechanisms of plant genotypes to various aphid species (P. Harrewijn). Aphid salivary secretions and their involvement in plant toxicoses (P.W. Miles). The role of plant matrix polysaccharides in aphid-plant interactions (B.C. Campbell, D.L. Dreyer). Greenbugs and wheat: A model system for the study of phytotoxic homoptera (J.D. Ryan et al). The role of secondary plant compounds in aphid-host interactions (H.M. Niemeyer). Lipids at the aphid-plant interface (J.W. Dillwith , R.C. Berberet). Aphid induced alteration of the availability and form of nitrogenous compounds in plants (K.W. Dorschner). Pea aphid biotypes in relation to plant genotypes and chemically defined diets (P.N. Srivastava, J.L. Auclair). Specificity in aphid/plant genetic interactions, with particular attention to the role of the alate colonizer (R.L. Blackman). Genetic stability in aphid clones and its implication for host-plant interactions (J. Tomiuk). Sexual reproduction and inheritance of virulence in the greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) (G.J. Puterka, D.C. Peters). Nutritional interactions between Myzus persicae and its symbionts (A.E. Douglas). Partial characterization of the ribosomal RNA operons of the pea-aphid endosymbionts: Evolutionary and physiological implications (B.M. Unterman, P. Baumann). Molecular interactions of intracellular symbionts and aphids (H. Ishikawa). Index.
141 citations
TL;DR: The potential value of this source of resistance to aphids, if incorporated into the cultivated potato, is discussed, especially with reference to the advantages of its being combined with other forms of resistance and to its effectiveness against virus vectors.
Abstract: SUMMARY
Glandular hairs occur abundantly on Solanum polyadenium, S. tarijense and S. berthaultii. An exudate is discharged from the glandular hair when an aphid mechanically ruptures the cell walls. On contact with atmospheric oxygen, a chemical reaction is initiated in which the clear, water-soluble material contained in the hair changes to a black insoluble material which is precipitated on the aphid's limbs. This initially impedes its movements and further accumulations eventually stick the aphids to the plant so that they are immobilized and starve to death. In experiments described, about 30 % of infesting aphids were completely immobilized within 24 h. The potential value of this source of resistance to aphids, if incorporated into the cultivated potato, is discussed, especially with reference to the advantages of its being combined with other forms of resistance and to its effectiveness against virus vectors.
141 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that facultative symbionts can have substantial effects on host metabolic pools, and it is hypothesize that the protective effects of S. symbiotica may reflect the delivery of protective metabolites to aphid or Buchnera cells, after heat exposure.
Abstract: We examined metabolite pools of pea aphids with different facultative symbiont infections, and characterized their effects on aphid metabolism in baseline and heat stress conditions. The bacterial symbiont Serratia symbiotica protects aphid hosts from the detrimental results of heat stress and shields the obligate symbiont Buchnera from effects of heat. We investigated whether broad effects on metabolism might correlate with this protection. Both facultative symbiont infection and heat treatment had large effects on the aphid metabolome. All three pea aphid facultative symbionts had similar effects on aphid metabolism despite their evolutionary diversity. Paradoxically, heat triggers lysis of many S. symbiotica cells and a correlated rapid reduction in S. symbiotica titres within aphid hosts. We conclude that facultative symbionts can have substantial effects on host metabolic pools, and we hypothesize that the protective effects of S. symbiotica may reflect the delivery of protective metabolites to aphid or Buchnera cells, after heat exposure.
141 citations
TL;DR: The findings reveal that the salivary proteome of RWA, a phytotoxic aphid, differs considerably from those reported for nonphytotoxic Aphid species, and the potential roles of proteins used in the general plant feeding processes of aphids and those that are potential phytOToxins related to aphid virulence are discussed.
140 citations