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Aphid

About: Aphid is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 11380 publications have been published within this topic receiving 229721 citations. The topic is also known as: Aphidoidea & plant lice.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: There was only a small effect of reduced sieve element amino acid concentration on aphid reproduction, which is the first direct demonstration of a physiological role for an amino acid transporter in regulating SE composition in vivo.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the amino acid permease gene AAP6 in regulating phloem amino acid composition and then to determine the effects of this altered diet on aphid performance. A genotype of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) was produced in which the function of the amino acid permease gene AAP6 (At5g49630) was abolished. Plants homozygous for the insertionally inactivated AAP6 gene had a significantly larger mean rosette width than the wild type and a greater number of cauline leaves. Seeds from the aap6 mutant were also significantly larger than those from the wild-type plants. Sieve element (SE) sap was collected by aphid stylectomy and the amino acids derivatized, separated, and quantified using Capillary Electrophoresis with Laser Induced Fluorescence (CE-LIF). In spite of the large variation across samples, the total amino acid concentration of SE sap of the aap6 mutant plants was significantly lower than that of the wild-type plants. The concentrations of lysine, phenylalanine, leucine, and aspartic acid were all significantly lower in concentration in the aap6 mutant plants compared with wild-type plants. This is the first direct demonstration of a physiological role for an amino acid transporter in regulating SE composition in vivo. The amino acid availability in sieve element sap is thought to be the major limiting factor for aphid growth and reproduction. Despite the changes in their diet, the aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) displayed only small changes in feeding behaviour on mutant plants when measured using the Electronic Penetration Graph (EPG) technique. Salivation by the aphid into the SE (E1 phase) was increased on mutant plants but there was no significant effect on other feeding EPG behaviours, or in the rate of honeydew production. Consistent with the small effect on aphid feeding behaviour, there was only a small effect of reduced sieve element amino acid concentration on aphid reproduction. The data are discussed in relation to the regulation of phloem composition and the role of phloem amino acids in regulating aphid performance.

124 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The ability of aphid populations to adapt to high temperatures in the Iberia peninsula is suggested, suggesting the role of temperature as a key factor in determining aphid population dynamics in the northeastern Iberian peninsula.
Abstract: The development, reproduction and longevity of corn aphids Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) and Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) were studied at 18, 22, 25, 27.5 and 30°C. Only nymphs of R. padi survived at 30°C, but the adult reproductive capacity was very low. Rhopalosiphum padi performed better than M. dirhodum at all temperatures tested, and better than S.avenae over the range of 22–27.5°C. The better performance of R. padi was due to a lower nymphal mortality, lower developmental and prereproductive times and a higher intrinsic rate of increase (rm). Sitobion avenae had a higher rm than M. dirhodum at all temperatures. The most suitable temperature for population development was ≈28.5°C for R. padi, 26.5°C for S. avenae and 24.5°C for M. dirhodum, suggesting the ability of aphid populations to adapt to high temperatures in the Iberian peninsula. The role of temperature as a key factor in determining aphid population dynamics in the northeastern Iberian peninsula is discussed.

124 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Polyphagous predator densities were manipulated in a wheat crop using polythene exclusion barriers to increase the likelihood of predator capture and decrease the chance of prey capture.
Abstract: 1 Polyphagous predator densities were manipulated in a wheat crop using polythene exclusion barriers 2 The rates at which aphids fell to the ground and subsequently climbed and returned to the crop canopy were measured 3 Peak aphid density was highest when polyphagous predator density was lowest 4 Similar rates of aphid fall-off were measured in each plot, but aphid climbing rate was highest when predator densities were lowest 5 It was concluded that ground-zone predators reduced the rate at which aphids return to the crop canopy

124 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of PAD4 in the response to green peach aphid infestation is conserved in Arabidopsis accessions Wassilewskija and Landsberg erecta.
Abstract: Green peach aphid (GPA) Myzus persicae (Sulzer) is a phloem-feeding insect with an exceptionally wide host range. Previously, it has been shown that Arabidopsis thaliana PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT4 (PAD4), which is expressed at elevated levels in response to GPA infestation, is required for resistance to GPA in the Arabidopsis accession Columbia. We demonstrate here that the role of PAD4 in the response to GPA is conserved in Arabidopsis accessions Wassilewskija and Landsberg erecta. Electrical monitoring of aphid feeding behavior revealed that PAD4 modulates a phloem-based defense mechanism against GPA. GPA spends more time actively feeding from the sieve elements of pad4 mutants than from wild-type plants, and less time feeding on transgenic plants in which PAD4 is ectopically expressed. The activity of PAD4 in limiting phloem sap uptake serves as a deterrent in host-plant choice, and restricts aphid population size. In Arabidopsis defense against pathogens, all known PAD4 functions require its signaling and stabilizing partner EDS1 (ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY1). Bioassays with eds1 mutants alone or in combination with pad4 and with plants conditionally expressing PAD4 under the control of a dexamethasone-inducible promoter reveal that PAD4-modulated defense against GPA does not involve EDS1. Thus, a PAD4 mode of action that is uncoupled from EDS1 determines the extent of aphid feeding in the phloem.

124 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It seems that, in midwestern North America, green peach aphid would benefit from an increase in mean summer temperature of 2.5–3.5°C, and had greater fecundity under fluctuating conditions.
Abstract: Development of green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), was modeled under high and fluctuating temperatures to determine what effects an increase in mean summer temperatures of 25–35°C would have on green peach aphid populations in Minnesota and North Dakota Green peach aphid developed faster and had greater fecundity under fluctuating conditions The constant temperature model failed to predict observed development under fluctuating temperatures (R2 = 001) Optimal temperature for green peach aphid population growth was 267°C The lower and upper developmental thresholds were 65 and 373°C, respectively Under optimal conditions, intrinsic rate of increase was 0356, and population doubling time was 195 d At optimal fluctuating temperature conditions, one female aphid produced 122 progeny each week while under the most favorable constant temperature conditions; each female aphid produced only 59 progeny Green peach aphid was able to survive 1 h each day above its calculated lethal

123 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023387
20221,082
2021337
2020393
2019373
2018382