Topic
Aphid
About: Aphid is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 11380 publications have been published within this topic receiving 229721 citations. The topic is also known as: Aphidoidea & plant lice.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
TL;DR: This review summarizes recent studies that have exploited the compatible interaction between Arabidopsis and GPA to understand the molecular and physiological mechanisms utilized by plants to control aphid infestation, as well as genes and mechanisms that contribute to susceptibility.
Abstract: The phloem provides a unique niche for several organisms. Aphids are a large group of Hemipteran insects that utilize stylets present in their mouthparts to pierce sieve elements and drink large volumes of phloem sap. In addition, many aphids also vector viral diseases. Myzus persicae, commonly known as the green peach aphid (GPA), is an important pest of a large variety of plants that includes Arabidopsis thaliana. This review summarizes recent studies that have exploited the compatible interaction between Arabidopsis and GPA to understand the molecular and physiological mechanisms utilized by plants to control aphid infestation, as well as genes and mechanisms that contribute to susceptibility. In addition, recent efforts to identify aphid-delivered elicitors of plant defenses and novel aphid salivary components that facilitate infestation are also discussed.
104 citations
TL;DR: This analysis, which was based on the results from seven microsatellite loci, has confirmed that A. gossypii populations in southern France are primarily asexual, as only 12 nonrecombinant genotypic classes (clones) were identified from 694 aphids.
Abstract: Aphis gossypii is an aphid species that is found throughout the world and is extremely polyphagous. It is considered a major pest of cotton and cucurbit species. In Europe, A. gossypii is assumed to reproduce exclusively by apomictic parthenogenesis. The present study investigates the genetic diversity of A. gossypii in a microgeographic, fragmented habitat consisting of eight glasshouses of cucurbit crops. This analysis, which was based on the results from seven microsatellite loci, has confirmed that A. gossypii populations in southern France are primarily asexual, as only 12 nonrecombinant genotypic classes (clones) were identified from 694 aphids. Moreover, a high proportion of the aphids (87%) had one of three common genotypes. No significant correlation was found between genotypic class and host plant species. Within a glasshouse population of A. gossypii, a significant reduction in clonal diversity was observed as the spring/summer season progressed. The final predominance of a clone could result from interclonal competition. At the microgeographic level (i.e. glasshouses within a 500-m radius), significant genetic subdivision was detected and could be attributed to founder effects and the limitation of gene flow imposed by the enclosed nature of the glasshouse structure. Finally, the three common clones of A. gossypii detected in 1996 reappeared in spring 1997 following the winter extinction, together with rare clones that had not previously been seen. The probability that A. gossypii overwinters within refuges at a microgeographic scale from which populations are renewed each spring is discussed.
104 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the effect of a phloem-sucking aphid on plant defence mechanisms in pepper (Capsicum annuum) during subsequent pathogen attacks on leaves and rhizosphere bacteria on roots.
104 citations
TL;DR: Electrical penetration graphs revealed that the secretion of these enzymes into the gels, by an individual aphid, was associated with its probing activity observed during penetration of the epidermal and mesophyll tissues.
Abstract: Sucrose-agarose gels and sucrose liquid diets were used to study the phenol oxidising enzymes in the salivary secretions of the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (Fabricius). Activity indicating the presence of two oxidoreductases, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (Px), was found. Both enzymes were present in the aphid's stylet sheath (gelling saliva) but only polyphenol oxidase activity was found in the halos around sheaths and thus in watery saliva. Electrical penetration graphs (EPG) revealed that the secretion of these enzymes into the gels, by an individual aphid, was associated with its probing activity observed during penetration of the epidermal and mesophyll tissues. The grain aphid's PPO, secreted in its saliva reacted with a range of phenolic compounds. As most of these phenolics occur naturally in cereals, the grain aphid could modify its host-plant's phenolic composition. The importance of the grain aphid's polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase in detoxifying cereal phenolics is discussed.
104 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that Mi-mediated aphid resistance is isolate-specific, and it may not extend to all aphid species, and that virulent potato aphids are geographically widespread, and, unlike virulent nematode isolates, are relatively common.
Abstract: Mi is a dominant locus in tomato that confers resistance to both root knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., and potato aphids, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas). The goal of this study was to investigate the breadth of Mi-mediated aphid resistance. To examine variability in potato aphid response, the effect of Mi on seven isolates of the potato aphid from California, New Jersey, North Carolina, France, and The Netherlands was measured in greenhouse bioassays. Assays were also performed to determine if Mi impacted another aphid species that attacks tomato, Myzus persicae (Sulzer). Tomato varieties carrying Mi had a profound negative impact on the potato aphid isolates from France and The Netherlands. In contrast, other potato aphid isolates from New Jersey, North Carolina, and California proved to be virulent, or capable of overcoming Mi. Mi-mediated resistance also did not extend to the green peach aphid isolates tested. These results demonstrate that Mi-mediated aphid resistance is isolate-specific, a...
104 citations