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Apochromat

About: Apochromat is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 642 publications have been published within this topic receiving 7934 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The human eye suffers from longitudinal chromatic aberration, and this has been thought to average approximately 1.75 D between 420 and 660 nm, but recent measures of the eye's longitudinal aberration suggest that the average may be substantially greater than the above value, in which case lenses based on this figure should be inadequate.

140 citations

Patent
28 Feb 2011
TL;DR: In this article, the subject invention provides lenses, and methods for designing and manufacturing these lenses, with reduced chromatic aberration, which results as multichromatic light passes through the lenses.
Abstract: The subject invention provides lenses, and methods for designing and manufacturing these lenses, with reduced chromatic aberration. Advantageously, these lenses are specifically designed to correct chromatic aberration that results as multichromatic light passes through the lenses.

137 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
31 Dec 1980
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of tilts and decentrations on the field dependence and local orientation of the aberration without changing its character has been investigated for each field-dependent aberration type.
Abstract: It is shown that, for each field-dependent aberration type, the effect of tilts and decentrations is to produce a more complicated field dependence and local orientation of the aberration without otherwise changing its character. Particular attention is given to astigmatism.

131 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In eyes with mobile irises, multifocal lenses are correlated with pupil shapes that allow all zones of the lens, with different refractive powers, to participate in the imaging process, irrespective of the state of pupil constriction.
Abstract: The focal length of the vertebrate eye is a function of wavelength, i.e. the eye suffers from longitudinal chromatic aberration. Chromatic defocus is a particularly severe problem in eyes with high light-gathering ability, since depth of field is small due to a pupillary opening that is large in relation to the focal length of the eye. Calculations show that in such eyes only a narrow spectral band of light can be in focus on the retina. For the major part of the visual spectrum, spatial resolution should be limited by the optics of the eye and far lower than the resolving power achievable by the retinal cone photoreceptor mosaic. To solve this problem, fishes with irises unresponsive to light have developed lenses with multiple focal lengths. Well-focused images are created at the wavelengths of maximum absorbance of all spectral cone types. Multifocal lenses also appear to be present in some terrestrial species. In eyes with mobile irises, multifocal lenses are correlated with pupil shapes that allow all zones of the lens, with different refractive powers, to participate in the imaging process, irrespective of the state of pupil constriction.

127 citations

Book
01 Jan 1994
TL;DR: In this paper, the Lagrange Invariant in a system of Thin Lenses Effect of Object or Stop Shifting The Delano y - y Diagram Chromatic Aberrations Introduction Axial Chromatic A*ration Conrady's D - d Method of Achromatization Secondary Color Aberration Magnification ChromaticA*ration Spherical Aberration Spheric Aberration Calculation Primary Spherical A**
Abstract: Geometrical Optics Principles Wave Nature of Light and Fermat's Principle Reflection and Refraction Laws Basic Meridional Ray Tracing Equations Gaussian or First-Order Optics Image Formation Stop, Pupils, and Principal Ray Delano's Relation Optical Sine Theorem Lagrange Invariant Herschel Invariant and Image Magnifications Thin Lenses and Spherical Mirrors Thin Lenses Formulas for Image Formation with Thin Lenses Nodal Points of A Thin Lens Image Formation with Converging Lenses Image Formation with Diverging Lenses Systems of Several Lenses and Thick Lenses Focal Length and Power of A Lens System Image Formation with Thick Lenses or Systems of Lenses Cardinal Points Image Formation with A Tilted or Curved Object Thick Lenses Systems of Thin Lenses The Lagrange Invariant in A System of Thin Lenses Effect of Object or Stop Shifting The Delano y - y Diagram Chromatic Aberrations Introduction Axial Chromatic Aberration Conrady's D - d Method of Achromatization Secondary Color Aberration Magnification Chromatic Aberration Spherical Aberration Spherical Aberration Calculation Primary Spherical Aberration Aspherical Surfaces Spherical Aberration of Aspherical Surfaces Surfaces without Spherical Aberration Aberration Polynomial for Spherical Aberration High-Order Spherical Aberration Spherical Aberration Correction with Gradient Index Monochromatic Off-Axis Aberrations Introduction Petzval Curvature Coma Astigmatism Aplanatic Surfaces Distortion Off-Axis Aberrations in Aspherical Surfaces The Symmetrical Principle and the Bow-Sutton Conditions Stop Shift Equations Aberrations of the Pupil Aberration Polynomials and High-Order Aberrations Wavefronts in an Optical System Ray Aberrations and Wavefront Aberrations Wavefront Aberration Polynomial Zernike Polynomials Fitting of Wavefront Deformations to A Polynomial Wavefront Representation by an Array of Gaussians Wavefront Aberrations in Refractive Surfaces Wavefront Aberrations in Reflective Surfaces Aldis Theorem Computer Evaluation of Optical Systems Transverse Aberration Polynomials Transverse Aberrations with H.H. Hopkins, Seidel, and Buchdahl Coefficients Meridional Ray Tracing and Stop Position Analysis Spot Diagram Wavefront Deformation Point and Line Spread Function Optical Transfer Function Tolerance to Aberrations Diffraction in Optical Systems Huygens-Fresnel Theory Fresnel Diffraction Fraunhofer Diffraction Diffraction Images with Aberrations Strehl Ratio Optical Transfer Function Resolution Criteria Gaussian Beams Prisms Tunnel Diagram Deflecting A Light Beam Transforming an Image Deflecting and Transforming Prisms Nondeflecting Transforming Prisms Beam-Splitting Prisms Chromatic Dispersing Prisms Nonimaging Prisms Basic Optical Systems and Simple Photographic Lenses Optical Systems Diversity Magnifiers and Single Imaging Lens Landscape Lenses Periscopic Lens Achromatic Landscape Lens Doublets Laser Light Collimators Spherical and Paraboloidal Mirrors Some Catoptric and Catadioptric Systems F-Theta Lenses Fresnel Lenses and Gabor Plates Complex Photographic Lenses Introduction Asymmetrical Systems Symmetrical Anastigmat Systems Varifocal and Zoom Lenses The Human Eye and Ophthalmic Lenses The Human Eye Ophthalmic Lenses Ophthalmic Lens Design Prismatic Lenses Spherocylindrical Lenses Astronomical Telescopes Resolution and Light-Gathering Power Reflecting Two-Mirror Cameras and Telescopes Catadioptric Cameras Astronomical Telescopes Field Correctors Multiple-Mirror Telescopes Active and Adaptive Optics Visual Systems and Afocal Systems Visual Optical Systems Basic Telescopic System Afocal Systems Visual And Terrestrial Telescopes Telescope Eyepieces Relays and Periscopes Microscopes Compound Microscope Microscope Objectives Microscope Eyepieces Microscope Illuminators Projection Systems Image Projectors Main Projector Components Coherence Effects in Projectors Anamorphic Projection Slide and Movie Projectors Overhead Projectors Profile Projectors Television Projectors LCD Computer and Home Theater Projectors Lens Design Optimization Basic Principles Optimization Methods Glatzel Adaptive Method Constrained Damped Least-Squares Optimization Method Merit Function and Boundary Conditions Modern Trends in Optical Design Flowchart for a Lens Optimization Program Practical Tips for the Use of Lens Evaluation Programs Some Commercial Lens Design Programs Appendices Appendix: Notation and Primary Aberration Coefficients Summary Appendix: Mathematical Representation of Optical Surfaces Appendix: Optical Materials Appendix: Exact Ray Tracing of Skew Rays Appendix: General Bibliography on Lens Design Index Chapters include references.

114 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20214
20204
20196
20188
201716
201625