Topic
Apolipoprotein A1
About: Apolipoprotein A1 is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 668 publications have been published within this topic receiving 21433 citations.
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TL;DR: The inverse association between physical activity and CVD risk is mediated in substantial part by known risk factors, particularly inflammatory/hemostatic factors and blood pressure.
Abstract: Background— Higher levels of physical activity are associated with fewer cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. Although the precise mechanisms underlying this inverse association are unclear, differences in several cardiovascular risk factors may mediate this effect. Methods and Results— In a prospective study of 27 055 apparently healthy women, we measured baseline levels of hemoglobin A1c, traditional lipids (total, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), novel lipids [lipoprotein(a) and apolipoprotein A1 and B-100], creatinine, homocysteine, and inflammatory/hemostatic biomarkers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1) and used women’s self-reported physical activity, weight, height, hypertension, and diabetes. Mean follow-up was 10.9±1.6 years, and 979 incident CVD events occurred. The risk of CVD decreased linearly with higher levels of activity (P for linear trend <0.001). Using the reference group of <200 kcal/wk of act...
965 citations
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TL;DR: The non-fasting ApoB/ApoA1 ratio was superior to any of the cholesterol ratios for estimation of the risk of acute myocardial infarction in all ethnic groups, in both sexes, and at all ages, and it should be introduced into worldwide clinical practice.
739 citations
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TL;DR: Favourable changes in several cardiovascular biomarkers provide indirect pathophysiological support for a protective effect of moderate alcohol use on coronary heart disease.
Abstract: Objective To systematically review interventional studies of the effects of alcohol consumption on 21 biological markers associated with risk of coronary heart disease in adults without known cardiovascular disease.
Design Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Data sources Medline (1950 to October 2009) and Embase (1980 to October 2009) without limits.
Study selection Two reviewers independently selected studies that examined adults without known cardiovascular disease and that compared fasting levels of specific biological markers associated with coronary heart disease after alcohol use with those after a period of no alcohol use (controls). 4690 articles were screened for eligibility, the full texts of 124 studies reviewed, and 63 relevant articles selected.
Results Of 63 eligible studies, 44 on 13 biomarkers were meta-analysed in fixed or random effects models. Quality was assessed by sensitivity analysis of studies grouped by design. Analyses were stratified by type of beverage (wine, beer, spirits). Alcohol significantly increased levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (pooled mean difference 0.094 mmol/L, 95% confidence interval 0.064 to 0.123), apolipoprotein A1 (0.101 g/L, 0.073 to 0.129), and adiponectin (0.56 mg/L, 0.39 to 0.72). Alcohol showed a dose-response relation with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (test for trend P=0.013). Alcohol decreased fibrinogen levels (−0.20 g/L, −0.29 to −0.11) but did not affect triglyceride levels. Results were similar for crossover and before and after studies, and across beverage types.
Conclusions Favourable changes in several cardiovascular biomarkers (higher levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and adiponectin and lower levels of fibrinogen) provide indirect pathophysiological support for a protective effect of moderate alcohol use on coronary heart disease.
644 citations
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TL;DR: It is suggested that lipoprotein particle sizes are heritable and promote a healthy aging phenotype and are associated with a lower prevalence of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, the metabolic syndrome, and increased homozygosity for the I405V variant in CETP.
Abstract: ContextIndividuals with exceptional longevity have a lower incidence and/or
significant delay in the onset of age-related disease, and their family members
may inherit biological factors that modulate aging processes and disease susceptibility.ObjectiveTo identify specific biological and genetic factors that are associated
with or reliably define a human longevity phenotype.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn a case-control design, 213 Ashkenazi Jewish probands with exceptional
longevity (mean [SD] age, 98.2 [5.3] years) and their offspring (n = 216;
mean [SD] age, 68.3 [6.7] years) were recruited from 1998 to 2002, while an
age-matched control group of Ashkenazi Jews (n = 258) and participants from
the Framingham Offspring Study (n = 589) were accepted as control groups.Main Outcome MeasuresDetailed questionnaires, physical examination, and blood samples were
taken, including assessment of lipids and lipoprotein subclass levels and
particle sizes by proton nuclear magnetic resonance. Samples were also genotyped
for the codon 405 isoleucine to valine (I405V) variation in the cholesteryl
ester transfer protein (CETP) gene, which is involved
in regulation of lipoprotein and its particle sizes.ResultsHigh-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle
sizes were significantly higher in probands compared with both control groups
(P = .001 for both), independent of plasma levels
of HDL and LDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 and B. This phenotype was
also typical of the proband's offspring but not of the age-matched controls.
The HDL and LDL particle sizes were significantly larger in offspring and
controls without hypertension or cardiovascular disease, (P = .001 and P = .008, respectively). Furthermore,
lipoprotein particle sizes, but not plasma LDL levels, were significantly
higher in offspring and controls without the metabolic syndrome (P<.001). Probands and offspring had a 2.9- and 3.6-fold (in men)
and 2.7- and 1.5-fold (in women) increased frequency, respectively, of homozygosity
for the 405 valine allele of CETP (VV genotype),
respectively, compared with controls (P<.001 for
both). Those probands with the VV genotype had increased lipoprotein sizes
and lower serum CETP concentrations.ConclusionsIndividuals with exceptional longevity and their offspring have significantly
larger HDL and LDL particle sizes. This phenotype is associated with a lower
prevalence of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, the metabolic syndrome,
and increased homozygosity for the I405V variant in CETP. These findings suggest that lipoprotein particle sizes are heritable
and promote a healthy aging phenotype.
535 citations
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TL;DR: Nonfasting lipid profiles predicted increased risk of cardiovascular events, and highest versus lowest tertile of nonfasting total cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, triglycerides, ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol, and ratio of apoliprotein B/apolipop Protein A1 predicted 1.7- to 2.4-fold increased risk.
Abstract: Background— Lipid profiles are usually measured after fasting. We tested the hypotheses that these levels change only minimally in response to normal food intake and that nonfasting levels predict cardiovascular events. Methods and Results— We cross-sectionally studied 33 391 individuals 20 to 95 years of age from the Copenhagen General Population Study. We also studied 9319 individuals 20 to 93 years of age from the Copenhagen City Heart Study, 1166 of whom developed cardiovascular events during 14 years of follow-up. Compared with fasting levels, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and albumin levels were reduced up to 3 to 5 hours after the last meal; triglycerides levels were increased up to 6 hours after the last meal; and non-HDL cholesterol level, apolipoprotein A1 level, apolipoprotein B level, ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol, and ratio of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A1 did not change in response to normal food in...
516 citations