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Showing papers on "Applied science published in 2003"


MonographDOI
21 Nov 2003

106 citations



BookDOI
01 Jan 2003
TL;DR: �� £1,000,000 ¬1,500,000 â’¬2,300,000 ¦1,200,000 people has been forecast for this year.
Abstract:                                                                              

40 citations



Dissertation
01 Jan 2003
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that the history of science is an essential precursor to an understanding of the nature of science and ultimately, therefore, to the attainment of Scientific Literacy.
Abstract: Over many decades, much has been written about the use of the history of science in science education, particularly at the secondary school level. Course descriptions published by various education authorities have often included reference to the history of science, although student texts and formal assessment tools have not adequately developed or emphasised that area of study in a way which reflects its significance and potential value. These factors, combined with many teachers’ lack of background in the area, have meant that what happens in many classrooms does not reflect the loftier sentiments expressed in the guiding principles of the course outlines. “Scientific Literacy” has been used as a general theme for science education during the second half of the twentieth century, and particularly since the early 1980s. There has been much debate about the meaning of the concept but some common features have emerged. Among these are the need for students to gain an understanding of the nature of science and to have some appreciation of the history of science. This thesis is based on an acceptance of the Scientific Literacy imperative and on its connection to the development of students as socially responsible members of society. In doing so, the case is made for the history of science to be an essential precursor to an understanding of the nature of science and ultimately, therefore, to the attainment of Scientific Literacy. It is not suggested that a history of science course per se should be taught at secondary school level the history should be used as a vehicle to address and develop the concepts and themes of existing courses. A new approach to curriculum development requires a framework on which it is based. The central aim of this thesis is the production of such a design framework which is entitled the ‘Dimensions of Science’. It is based on a curriculum theory which views education as the transmission of culture and, in particular, the culture of science and its relationship with the wider society. In doing so, it draws on important features of the nature of science. To illustrate how the framework could be applied to a common topic in senior secondary school courses, the history of development of ideas in optics is examined. The ‘Dimensions of Science’ are used as the basis of analysis to show how it is possible to encounter examples of each Dimension in a study of a particular area of science while still attending to the conceptual ideas deemed important in existing course outlines.

11 citations



Journal ArticleDOI

6 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
11 Jan 2003
TL;DR: This panel will look at how research theories developed in the context of various areas of science education can be applied to Computing Science Education as well as ways in which computing science educational theories may be used in those areas.
Abstract: During the ITiCSE 2002 conference in Arhus, Denmark, a panel presentation on the topic of import to and export from Computing Science Education and other fields focused on the case of Mathematics Education Research. The outcome was very successful, with the panelists' presentations giving rise to active audience participation.Continuing with the theme from the earlier panel, this proposal suggests a similar format with the expanded theme of transfer into Computing Science Education from Science Education Research. This panel will look at how research theories developed in the context of various areas of science education can be applied to Computing Science Education as well as ways in which computing science educational theories may be used in those areas. Because Computing Science Education is a young discipline, it is still in search of its research framework [2]. In formulating such a framework, it can be practical and productive to adapt approaches from research in other disciplines, both educational and related areas. At the same time, the younger discipline can offer innovative new approaches to the older discipline.The panelists will examine possibilities and difficulties in some import and export attempts between several areas of Science Education Research and Computing Science Education. For this context, science is considered to include mathematics.

4 citations


01 Jan 2003
TL;DR: It is shown that it is essential for students of Computer Science to not only acquire the concepts from Theory of Science within its conventional domain, but also widen the perspective and see the field in its context of other scientific traditions.
Abstract: An ideal Science for the existing Theory of Science (Popper, Carnap, Kuhn, Chalmers) is Physics. Not many modern Sciences conform to that ideal, however. Philosophy of Science (Theory of Science) as it is today is not of much help when trying to understand e.g. Computer Science. There is an urgent need to broaden the Theory of Science perspective in order to match the present situation within the area, as well as to help its further development. Computer Science has its basis in Logic and Mathematics, and in many cases its theoretical and experimental research methods follow patterns of classical scientific fields of Logic/Mathematics and Natural Sciences. On the other hand, computer modeling and simulation which is specific for the discipline and it is rapidly growing in importance, applied to computers, as well as to other scientific and artistic fields, hardly corresponds to traditional definition of scientific method. Situation gets even more complicated in the field of Intelligent Systems (Artificial Intelligence, AI). AI is generally associated with Computer Science, but it has many important links with other fields such as Mathematics, Psychology, Cognition, Biology, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Linguistics and Philosophy, among others. This paper addresses the need for paradigm shift within Theory of Science. It shows that it is essential for students of Computer Science to not only acquire the concepts from Theory of Science within its conventional domain, but also widen the perspective and see the field in its context of other scientific traditions.

3 citations


Journal Article

3 citations




Journal ArticleDOI

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Dec 2003-Pamm
TL;DR: This study presents a partitioned implicit approach for the efficient and robust treatment of free surface flows within fluid structure interaction simulations.
Abstract: An appropriate treatment of instationary free surface flows is of great relevance to many problems in engineering and applied sciences. In this context the presence of structural interactions constitute an additional challenge on the one hand but on the other hand even further broadens the application area. In this study we present a partitioned implicit approach for the efficient and robust treatment of free surface flows within fluid structure interaction simulations.

01 Jan 2003
TL;DR: This book discusses the development of technology strategy for online business and some basic elements of Cryptography, as well as some of the issues related to Cryptography.
Abstract: ................................................................................................................................ i ACKNOELEDGEMENTS....................................................................................................... iii LIST OF TABLES..................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF FIGURES.................................................................................................................. vii CHAPTER I: Introduction..........................................................................................................1 CHAPTER II: Developing Technology Strategy for Online Business..................................7 Marketing Strategies on the Internet............................................................................ 7 Basic Online Architecture..............................................................................................9 Software Standards and Languages............................................................................10 Integration with Application Tools.............................................................................13 CHAPTER III: Some of The Electronic Commerce Related Issues.................................... 16 Opportunities and Benefits of Electronic/Web Commerce..................................... 16 Three “Audiences” for Electronic Commerce.......................................................... 20 Business-to-Business (B2B) Networking.....................................................21 Business-to-Consumer Linkages...................................................................22 Business Intranets (Peers)...............................................................................23 B2B vs. B2C.................................................................................................... 24 International Agreements of Electronic Commerce................................................ 27 Online Marketing Size Assessment................................................ 29 CHAPTER IV: Online Security. ...................................... 32 Security on the Internet................................................................................................32 Web Secure Protocols (Transport Protocol) for Electronic Commerce..................37 Secure Sockets Layer (SSL).......................................................................... 38 Secure HyperText Transfer Protocol (S-HTTP).......................................... 39 Secure Electronic Payment Protocol (SEPP)............................................... 41 SEPP Process...................................................................................................42 Secure Electronic Transaction (SET)......................................................................... 44 Cryptography................................................................................................................47 An Overview of Cryptography. ....................................... 47 Some Basic Elements of Cryptography........................................................48 RSA: The Keeper of the Algorithm.............................................................. 50




01 Jan 2003
TL;DR: In this paper, the lack of interest of philosophers in the engineering sciences may be explained by the ontological presupposition of scientific realism about what is to be regarded as science, and a philosophy of engineering sciences needs to be developed to provide engineers with a better image about the role of science in technology.
Abstract: An example in environmental technology is used to illustrate that scientific research in the engineering sciences encounters specific methodological problems, problems that have not been characterized, neither in philosophy of science nor in philosophy of technology. Technical sciences are usually regarded as 'applied sciences'. Several interpretations of the theses that 'technology is applied science' are analyzed. It is proposed that the lack of interest of philosophers in the engineering sciences may be explained by the ontological presupposition of scientific realism about what is to be regarded as science. It is concluded that a philosophy of the engineering sciences needs to be developed, not in the least to provide engineers with a better image about the role of science in technology.