Showing papers on "Arabitol published in 1988"

The oxygen requirements of yeasts for the fermentation of d-xylose and d-glucose to ethanol

Abstract: The effect of oxygen availability on d-xylose and D-glucose metabolism by Pichia stipitis, Candida shehatae and Pachysolen tannophilus was investigated. Oxygen was not required for fermentation of d-xylose or d-glucose, but stimulated the ethanol production rate from both sugars. Under oxygen-limited conditions, the highest ethanol yield coefficient (Ye/s) of 0.47 was obtained on d-xylose with. P. stipitis, while under similar conditions C. shehatae fermented d-xylose most rapidly with a specific productivity (qpmax) of 0.32 h-1. Both of these yeasts fermented d-xylose better and produced less xylitol than. P. tannophilus. Synthesis of polyols such as xylitol, arabitol, glycerol and ribitol reduced the ethanol yield in some instances and was related to the yeast strain, carbon source and oxygen availability. In general, these yeasts fermented d-glucose more rapidly than d-xylose. By contrast Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermented d-glucose at least three-fold faster under similar conditions.

A 13C comparative nuclear magnetic resonance study of organic solute production and excretion by the yeasts Hansenula anomala and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in saline media.

Abstract: Glycerol, arabitol and trehalose were the principle solutes detected in cellular extracts of Hansenula anomala, using natural-abundance 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Only the two polyols accumulated in response to increased salinity, glycerol increase being far greater. Arabitol content also increased with culture age, independently of the presence or absence of salt and in line with the evolution of trehalose content. Glycerol retention potential was 15 times greater for Hansenula than for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The former displayed the specific property of increasing this capacity in high salt concentrations. Under such conditions its growth was associated with a limited increase in glucose consumption per unit biomass, relative to S. cerevisiae, the salt-sensitive reference yeast. In addition, a polysaccharide, the chemical nature of which was not further characterized, was detected exclusively in the external medium of Hansenula growing in the presence of salt.

Detoxifying food supplement.

Abstract: A food additive which has the effect of ameliorating the effects of the ingestion of alcoholic beverages includes the combination of any one or more sugars from the group consisting of zylitol, D(+) galactose, D(+) lactose, D(+) xylose, dulcitol, wyo-insoitol, L(-) fructose, D(-) mannitol, sorbitol, D(+) glucose, D(+) arabinose, D(-) arabinose, celloboise, D(+) maltose, D(+) raffinose, L(+) rhamnose, D(+) melibiose, D(-) ribose, adonitol, D(+) arabitol, L(-) arabitol, D(+) fucose, L(-) fucose, D(-) lyxose, L(+) lyxose, and L(-) lyxose, and any one or more amino acids from the group consisting of arginine, glutamine, lysine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, leucine, methionine, phenylalamine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine, and taurine in a quantity such that for each measure of the sugar between 2.5 and 6 grams there is a cumulative amount of amino acid which falls within the effective range of at least one of the amino acids in the combination where the effective range in the case of arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, serine, glycine, histidine, leucine, methionine, phelnylalanine, proline, valine, glutamine, lysine, and taurine is from 25 to 50 milligrams; and, in the case of threonine, tryptophan, and tyrosine, is from 25 to 1500 milligrams. To accelerate the volatilization process, acetic acid or acetylsalicylic acid, or both, is added.

The polyol pattern of fungi as influenced by the carbohydrate nutrient source

Abstract: SUMMARY Penicillium (P.) italieum (1), Endothia parasitica (2), Agaricus bispours (3), Candida albicans (4), Mucor rouxii (5), Phycomyces (ph.) blakesleeanus (6) and Zygorhynchus moelleri (7) were cultivated in liquid media differing in the carbohydrate source and their free polyol (alditol) composition was established by gas-liquid chromatography. Total polyol on a dry weight basis ranged from 4-19% in (1)-(4), and from 0·2-2% in (5)-(7). Species (l)-(3) contained mannitol, in addition to erythritol, arabitol, and glycerol; the last two were also present in (4)-(7), together with ribitol. Although the relative proportion of the constituents of the polyol fraction depended on the nutrient Sugar, the pattern of polyols generally remained constant. Notably, the mannitol precursor, fructose, did not induce synthesis of the hexitol in (4)-(7) nor ribose that of ribitol in (1)-(3).