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Showing papers on "Arabitol published in 2010"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The polyols arabitol and mannitol, recently proposed as source tracers for fungal spores, were used in this paper to estimate fungal contributions to atmospheric aerosol.
Abstract: The polyols arabitol and mannitol, recently proposed as source tracers for fungal spores, were used in this study to estimate fungal contributions to atmospheric aerosol. Airborne particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) was collected at Jianfengling Mountain, a tropical rainforest on Hainan Island situated off the south China coast, during spring and analyzed for arabitol and mannitol by high-performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). The average concentrations of arabitol and mannitol exhibited high values with averages of 7.0 and 16.0 ng m − 3 respectively in PM2.5 and 44.0 and 71.0 ng m − 3 in PM10. The two tracers correlated well with each other, especially in the coarse mode aerosol (PM2.5 − 10), indicating they were mainly associated with coarse aerosol particles and had common sources. Arabitol and mannitol in PM10 showed significant positive correlations with relative humidity, as well as positive correlations with average temperature, suggesting a wet emissions mechanism of biogenic aerosol in the form of fungal spores. We made estimations of the contribution of fungal spores to ambient PM mass and to organic carbon, based on the observed ambient concentrations of these two tracers. The relative contributions of fungal spores to the PM10 mass were estimated to range from 1.6 to 18.2%, with a rather high mean value of 7.9%, and the contribution of fungal spores to organic carbon in PM10 ranged from 4.64 to 26.1%, with a mean value of 12.1%, implying that biological processes are important sources of atmospheric aerosol.

90 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the growth and accumulation of intracellular polyols at reduced water activity (aw) were studied in 40 basidiomycetous yeast strains and the growth of most strains showed greater tolerance to NaCl than sorbitol at the same time.
Abstract: The growth and accumulation of intracellular polyols at reduced water activity (aw) were studied in 40 basidiomycetous yeast strains. The growth of most strains showed greater tolerance to NaCl than sorbitol at the same aw. No strain was able to grow below 0.90aw. 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed that glycerol was the major solute accumulated intracellularly by all the yeasts when grown to 0.96aw (NaCl). Arabitol or mannitol was also accumulated in some yeasts, whereas a few only accumulated glycerol. Analysis of six yeasts in detail revealed that the intracellular glycerol concentrations of five yeasts increased significantly when grown at 0.96aw (NaCl or sorbitol) compared with growth at 0.998aw. Arabitol and mannitol concentrations also increased, but not to the same degree. Intracellular potassium concentrations decreased when grown at 0.96aw (NaCl or sorbitol) and sodium increased, but only when grown at 0.96aw (NaCl). The survival of nine strains was evaluated in soil cultures and it was found that all grew at 100% field capacity, whereas at lower field capacity, only some strains grew or survived. The growth of basidiomycetous yeasts appears to be more sensitive to reduced aw than ascomycetous yeasts.

24 citations



Patent
17 Jun 2010
TL;DR: Disclosed as discussed by the authors is an inexpensive and convenient process for producing a sugar alcohol and/or a sugar, which can utilize an agricultural product or agricultural byproduct containing a component derived from a cell wall such as cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin without requiring any pretreatment for converting the component into a water-soluble material with an acid, an alkali or an enzyme and does not require neutralization with a pH-adjusting agent, an acid or an alkalis or the like.
Abstract: Disclosed is an inexpensive and convenient process for producing a sugar alcohol and/or a sugar, which can utilize an agricultural product or agricultural by-product containing a component derived from a cell wall such as cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin without requiring any pretreatment for converting the component into a water-soluble material with an acid, an alkali or an enzyme and does not require neutralization with a pH-adjusting agent, an acid or an alkali or the like. A sugar alcohol such as arabitol, sorbitol and mannitol and/or a sugar such as arabinose, glucose and maltose can be produced conveniently at low cost by heating or heating under pressure an agricultural product or agricultural by-product containing a component derived from a cell wall without any modification or after simply mechanically grinding the agricultural product or agricultural by-product, in the presence or absence of a catalyst.

2 citations