Arabitol

About: Arabitol is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 388 publications have been published within this topic receiving 8398 citations. The topic is also known as: D-(+)-Arabitol & D-arabitol.

Effect of Sodium Selenite on the Metabolite Profile of Epichloë sp. Mycelia from Festuca sinensis in Solid Culture

Abstract: Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient with many beneficial effects for humans and other living organisms. Numerous microorganisms in culture systems enrich and convert inorganic selenium to organic selenium. In this study, Epichloë sp. from Festuca sinensis was exposed to increasing Na2SeO3 concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 mmol/L) in Petri dishes with potato dextrose agar (PDA) for 8 weeks. Epichloë sp. mycelia were immediately collected after mycelial diameters were measured at 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 weeks of cultivation, respectively. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) analysis was performed on different groups of Epichloë sp. mycelia. Different changes were observed as Epichloë sp. was exposed to different selenite conditions and cultivation time. The colony diameter of Epichloë sp. decreased in response to increased selenite concentrations, whereas the inhibitory effects diminished over time. Seventy-two of the 203 identified metabolites did not differ significantly across selenite treatments within the same time point, while 82 compounds did not differ significantly between multiple time points of the same Se concentration. However, the relative levels of 122 metabolites increased the most under selenite conditions. Specifically, between the 4th and 8th weeks, there were increases in 2-keto-isovaleric acid, uridine, and maltose in selenite treatments compared to controls. Selenium increased glutathione levels and exhibited antioxidant properties in weeks 4, 5, and 7. Additionally, we observed that different doses of selenite could promote the production of carbohydrates such as isomaltose, cellobiose, and sucrose; fatty acids such as palmitoleic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid; and amino acids such as lysine and tyrosine in Epichloë sp. mycelia. Therefore, Epichloë sp. exposed to selenite stress may benefit from increased levels of some metabolite compounds.

Biological and Chemical Properties of Slime Polysaccharide of Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae

Abstract: The slime polysaccharide of X. campestris pv. oryzae caused wilting in rice cuttings. This substance was high molecular and was precipitated by ethanol. Wilt inducing potential of slime polysaccharides of virulent and avirulent clones could not be differentiated. The slime polysaccharide of all clones was composed of arabitol, mannose, glucuronolactone, glucose and glucuronic acid. The ratios of these sugars were quite different between large colony type and small colony type. In general, arabitol and glucose contents of slime polysaccharides were higher in small colony types (St and Sm) than in large colony types (Lw, Ld and Lh). Column chromatography on Sephadex G-200 revealed that the slime polysaccharides of each clone were heterogeneous in molecular weight. The wild type was composed of relatively greater amount of high molecular weight polysaccharide whereas the small colony type variants were of relatively low molecular ones. Intermediate types such as Ld and Lh were composed of both these types.The hapten inhibition studies were carried out by using sugars of slime polysaccharide component and anti-Q7472-serum. In the case of the isolate Q7472 (serovar A), glucose, mannose and glucuronic acid inhibited precipitin reaction, while in the cases of Q7502 (serovar B-I) and N5837 (serovar B-II), glucuronic acid and glucuronolactone were strong promotors of the precipitin reaction. These facts suggest that the component sugars of a major portion of the immunogenic regions are remarkably different with serovars.