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Arabization

About: Arabization is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 170 publications have been published within this topic receiving 1823 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors considers the historical diffusion of Sudanese Arabic-language culture and Arab identity, contrasts this with the post-colonial policy of Arabization, and analyses the relevance of the latter for civil conflicts in Southern Sudan, the Nuba Mountains, and, more recently, Darfur.
Abstract: In what is now Sudan there occurred over the centuries a process of ta'rib, or Arabization, entailing the gradual spread of both Arab identity and the Arabic language among northern peoples. After the Anglo-Egyptian conquest of 1898, British colonial policies favoured a narrow elite from within these ‘Arab’ communities. Members of this elite went on to develop a conception of a self-consciously Sudanese Arabic national identity, in the process adapting the term ‘Sudanese’ (sudani), which derived from an Arabic word for blackness and previously had servile connotations. At decolonization in the 1950s, these nationalists turned ta'rib, into an official policy that sought to propagate Arabic quickly throughout a territory where scores of languages were spoken. This article considers the historical diffusion of Sudanese Arabic-language culture and Arab identity, contrasts this with the post-colonial policy of Arabization, and analyses the relevance of the latter for civil conflicts in Southern Sudan, the Nuba Mountains, and, more recently, Darfur. Far from spreading Arabness, Arabization policy sharpened non-Arab and, in some cases, self-consciously ‘African’ (implying culturally pluralist) identities. Arabization policy also accompanied, in some quarters, the growth of an ideology of Arab cultural and racial supremacy that is now most evident in Darfur.

158 citations

Book
01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors look at the phenomenon from a more objective viewpoint, using various data-gathering methods, while still preserving the insights which are perhaps available only to a Moroccan who has lived the conflicts of bilingualism in his everyday life, showing that these may affect the way a bilingual is perceived by others and his own view of the world.
Abstract: Those familiar with a bilingual community may be aware of the passionate reactions bilingualism can inspire in those who experience it. The Arabic-French bilingualism examined here, for instance, has been both denigrated as the root of many social and psychological problems and glorified as a source of enrichment which gives the Moroccan the benefits of two separate cultures. This book attempts to counter-balance previous highly emotional discussions by looking at the phenomenon from a more objective viewpoint, using various data-gathering methods, while still preserving the insights which are perhaps available only to a Moroccan who has lived the conflicts of bilingualism in his everyday life. It looks at the bilingual's attitudes towards his two languages and the roles each language plays in Moroccan society, showing that these may affect the way a bilingual is perceived by others and his own view of the world The book considers the implications of these attitudes for future language planning in Morocco, where Arabization is in progress and for other bilingual countries. It should be of interest, not only to those concerned with bilingual education or language planning, but to all who have experienced the conflicts of bilingualism themselves, or who are in contact with a bilingual community.

93 citations

MonographDOI
01 Jan 2003
TL;DR: The work of a Qadi: IBN Sumayt and the official roles of the Zanzibari Ulama in the British-Bu SA IDI State, C. 1890-1925 as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: 1. The Al Ba (Bani) Alawi 2. The Al Bin Sumayt 3. Ahmad B. Abi Bakr B. Sumayt: Childhood and Youth in the Comoro Islands 4. Hadramawt Revisited. Family and Scholarly Networks Reinforced 5. Travelling Years: Zanzibar-Istanbul-Cairo-Mecca-Java-Zanzibar: 1885-1888 6. IBN Sumayt, the Alawis and the Shafti I Ulama of Zanzibar C. 1870-1925: Profile of the Learned Class: Recruitment, Training and Careers 7. Scriptural Islam in East Africa: THe Alawiyya, Arabization and the Indigenization of Islam in East Africa, 1880-1925 8. The Work of a Qadi: IBN Sumayt and the Official Roles of the Zanzibari Ulama in the British-Bu SA IDI State, C. 1890-1925 9. Educational Efforts Within the Colonial State: The Ulama and The Quest for Secular Education 10. The Death of a Generation

92 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
D Marley1
TL;DR: This article conducted a study of language attitudes among high school students and teachers in Khouribga, a town in central Morocco, in December 2002, following changes in government language policy outlined in the Charter for Education and Training, 2000.
Abstract: This article reports on a study of language attitudes conducted among high school students and teachers in Khouribga, a town in central Morocco, in December 2002, following changes in government language policy outlined in the Charter for Education and Training, 2000. The paper gives a brief background to the sociolinguistic situation in Morocco, and the language policy pursued since Independence in 1956, and outlines the changes proposed in the Charter. It then turns to the findings of the study, focusing on attitudes towards French, Arabic and bilingualism. Both students and teachers appear to be widely in favour of a return to Arabic—French bilingualism within the education system, and approve decisions to introduce foreign languages at an earlier stage in the curriculum. Views on the benefits of Arabization are mixed, but there is a general consensus that Morocco will benefit from increased bilingualism.

84 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors argues for the primacy of politics in language planning and proposes three sociopolitical variables for assessing four decades of North African LP: (A) makeup of the political/economic elite; (B) consistency of ideological commitment to LP; (C) conflict between national development and traditional values.
Abstract: Soon after independence, Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia instituted programs to Arabize schools, courts, and the bureaucracy. Four decades later, success in Arabization in Algeria, the most gallicized of the three countries, has been greatest; in postindependence Tunisia, whose native population is 100 percent Arabic-speaking, French presence has flourished; Morocco's linguistic situation, where French colonial influence was least, remains murky. This study argues for the primacy of politics in language planning (LP) and proposes three sociopolitical variables for assessing four decades of North African LP: (A) makeup of the political/economic elite; (B) consistency of ideological commitment to LP; (C) conflict between national development and traditional values. This article reviews the history of North African Arabization LP and concludes the following: factors A and C account for the vitality of French in Tunisia and Morocco; factor B has been the largest determinant of Arabization success in Algeria; factor C best explains the ambiguous relationship of French and Arabic in Morocco

73 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20214
20207
20194
20188
201712
20165