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Showing papers on "Arc welding published in 1973"


Patent
06 Aug 1973
TL;DR: An arc welding simulator is provided for teaching welder trainees how to arc weld quality welds resulting in significant savings of time and material as mentioned in this paper, and the simulator provides immediate, discriminative feedback and the capacity for concentrated practice.
Abstract: An arc welding simulator is provided for teaching welder trainees how to arc weld quality welds resulting in significant savings of time and material. Specifically, the simulator provides immediate, discriminative feedback and the capacity for concentrated practice, both learning qualities lacking in the welding process.

91 citations


Patent
09 Apr 1973
TL;DR: In this article, a method and apparatus for starting and stabilizing an arc in the gas-tungsten arc welding system and the like is described, where a plasma flame extending from the tungsten electrode to the work is established by ionizing a portion of the flow of inert gas used for shielding.
Abstract: A method and apparatus for starting and stabilizing an arc in the gas-tungsten arc welding system and the like. A plasma flame extending from the tungsten electrode to the work is established by ionizing a portion of the flow of inert gas used for shielding. The gas is ionized by means of an auxiliary arc that is struck between the tungsten electrode and a second metal component of the torch acting as a second electrode. The resulting plasma flame provides a conductive path for starting and stabilizing the main arc struck between the tungsten electrode and the work.

44 citations


Book
01 Jan 1973

41 citations


Patent
26 Mar 1973
TL;DR: An electric arc welding system includes a welding torch having a head supporting a nonconsumable, elongated electrode for establishing an arc and between a work piece and an outer end of the electrode as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: An electric arc welding system includes a welding torch having a head supporting a nonconsumable, elongated electrode for establishing an arc and between a work piece and an outer end of the electrode. The system further includes nozzle means for supplying an inert gas shield around the longitudinal axis of the electrode and said arc and conductor means for supplying current to the electrode for establishing and maintaining the arc. Means are provided for feeding filler wire toward the longitudinal axis of the electrode and the arc along a feed path intersecting the axis at an acute angle. The feeding means includes means for advancing the filler wire along the feed path in repetitive incremental strokes separated by alternating periods of stationary dwell.

32 citations


Patent
19 Dec 1973
TL;DR: In this paper, a slope control potentiometer is used to vary the value of the reference current when the arc length deviates from a preset normal operating length (voltage), creating a family of volt-ampere characteristic curves all passing through the preset voltage and current operating point.
Abstract: A semiconductor electronic chopper precisely controls the current to a welding arc in response to arc length as represented by arc voltage. The actual arc current is compared with a reference current to generate a switching signal which adaptively controls electronic switches in order to meet arc requirements. For manual welding with covered electrodes (SMAW), frequently referred to as ''''stick welding,'''' a slope control potentiometer is used to vary the value of the reference current when the arc length (voltage) deviates from a preset normal operating length (voltage). This creates a family of volt-ampere characteristic curves all passing through the preset voltage and current operating point. A digging characteristic is obtained by increasing the reference current rapidly when the arc voltage (length) goes below a preset value. An intermittent spray transfer welding process, particularly applicable to continuous wire feed electrode systems, is created by maintaining the welding current at a high constant value until the electrode wire burns back to a maximum desired length (voltage) and then automatically reducing the current to a low constant value until the electrode is advanced sufficiently to shorten the arc and signal the system to change to a high current, etc.

28 citations


Patent
02 Aug 1973
TL;DR: In this article, a high speed stream of water is directed from a nozzle on the welding torch obliquely onto a member or members to be welded to form a flared-out curtain of water.
Abstract: The invention relates to a welding torch for welding underwater and to a method of underwater welding using the welding torch. A high speed stream of water is directed from a nozzle on the welding torch obliquely onto a member or members to be welded to form a flared-out curtain of water. Gas is injected into the volume enclosed by the curtain of water to create a gaseous atmosphere and welding is carried out in the gaseous atmosphere.

27 citations


Patent
Kanbe Yoshio1, Ishii Takao1, Nagatomo Kazuo1, Fujiyama Hirohisa1, Tsuyoshi Takino1 
16 Jul 1973
TL;DR: In this paper, the wire feed is changed periodically and in synchronism with periodic changes of the electric welding current to establish a previously defined relation between the welding current value and the arc length.
Abstract: In welding iron, steel, and nonferrous alloys, the wire feed is changed periodically and in synchronism with periodic changes of the electric welding current to establish a previously defined relation between the welding current value and the arc length. The welding current is varied between one producing a spray transfer arc and a current just maintaining the arc.

27 citations


Patent
20 Mar 1973
TL;DR: In this paper, an alternating-current gas-shielded arc welding method is described, which is suitable for welding aluminium, its alloys, and similar materials, and an inverter using thyristors as active elements to control arc current magnitude and to give the required rapid current reversals.
Abstract: A method of alternating-current gas-shielded arc welding is described, the method being particularly suitable for welding aluminium, its alloys and similar materials. The method employs an arc current which alternates rapidly in polarity and the mean value of which is varied over relatively long intervals. The current magnitude is preferably increased gradually from zero, held constant and then reduced gradually to zero, with the above mentioned mean value variation superimposed. Apparatus for carrying out the method is described, which includes an inverter using thyristors as active elements to control arc current magnitude and to give the required rapid current reversals.

26 citations


Book
01 Jan 1973
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe in detail the manipulating procedures used to weld pipe joints and provide useful information on heat input and distribution, essentials of shielded metal-arc technology, distortion, pipe welding defects, welding safety, and qualification of the welding procedure and the welder.
Abstract: A standard reference for decades, this new edition of Pipe Welding Procedures continues to reinforce the welder's understanding of procedures. Drawing on his extensive practical and teaching experience in the field, the author describes in detail the manipulating procedures used to weld pipe joints. You will find useful information on heat input and distribution, essentials of shielded metal-arc technology, distortion, pipe welding defects, welding safety, essentials of welding metallurgy, and qualification of the welding procedure and the welder.Look for new or expanded coverage of: Root Bead--Pulse Current--Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Shielded Metal Arc WeldingElectrode Welding Steel for Low Temperature (Cryogenic) Service Down Hill WeldingHeavywall and Large Diameter Welding Metallurgy Weld Repair"

22 citations


Patent
28 Dec 1973
TL;DR: In this article, a flux-cored electrode wire for non-shielded arc welding with a powder flux filled in a hoop case, in which flux comprises 20 - 70 percent of metal fluoride containing 1 - 30% of CeF2 and/or LiF and 0.5 - 10 percent of a complex metal fluoride, 1 - 20 percent of the metal carbonate, 10 - 30 percent of Al-Mg alloy (containing 30 - 60% of Al) in powder form and 5 - 40 percent of other metal powder other than Al Mg, or further comprises less
Abstract: This invention is a flux-cored electrode wire for non-shielded arc welding with a powder flux filled in a hoop case, in which said flux comprises 20 - 70 percent of metal fluoride containing 1 - 30% of CeF2 and/or LiF and 0.5 - 10 percent of a complex metal fluoride, 1 - 20 percent of metal carbonate, 10 - 30% of Al-Mg alloy (containing 30 - 60% of Al) in powder form and 5 - 40 percent of metal powder other than Al-Mg, or further comprises less than 30 percent of a metal oxide wherein the Si content in said flux is restricted to less than 2 percent, and the weight of flux to the total weight of the wire is 10 - 40 percent. Said wire is satisfactory with respect to its workability in automatic and semi-automatic arc welding, and gives an excellent weld metal having high toughness and ductility.

21 citations


Patent
26 Feb 1973
TL;DR: In this paper, an arc welding gun is constructed from an integral end portion of a welding cable, which is preferably of hollow construction, having a bore therethrough for the passage therethrough of a wire welding electrode or a shielding gas.
Abstract: An arc welding gun, particularly for the use of the so-called MIG and TIG welding processes, in which the gun is constructed from an integral end portion of a welding cable, which is preferably of hollow construction, having a bore therethrough for the passage therethrough of a wire welding electrode or a shielding gas. Where wire electrode is supplied to the cable, a shielding gas may be supplied through an additional conduit external to the electrical conductor or the cable. The gun may be provided with control means, for example a manually actuatable switch, and as the terminal fitting of the welding head assembly is connected directly to the metallic conductor of the cable, all electrical joints are eliminated between the terminal fitting of the gun and the opposite end of the cable, preferably the connector terminal to the welding proper. As the gun utilizes the welding cable as an integral part, thereof, the terminal end portion, if desired, may be flexible permitting various gun configurations.

Journal Article
TL;DR: A literature review was conducted to determine the effects of arc radiation and heat on the health, safety, and comfort of welders as mentioned in this paper, and the physical and process-oriented variables that affect arc radiation are discussed, and specific effects of ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation on welder physiology are viewed.
Abstract: A literature review was conducted to determine the effects of arc radiation and heat on the health, safety, and comfort of welders. The direct effects of arc radiation are discussed as a function of the wavelength and intensity at which energy is radiated from welding arcs. Ultraviolet and infrared radiation present potential problems because of their effects on the eyes, skin, and other parts of the body; however, the protective equipment and clothing to minimize or eliminate such problems is readily available. Visible radiation does not appear to be hazardous, but it does produce vision-obstructing glare, eye discomfort, and fatigue. The physical and process-oriented variables that affect arc radiation are discussed, and the specific effects of ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation on welder physiology are viewed. In addition to its direct effect on welder health and safety, ultraviolet radiation reacts with atmospheric oxygen and the chlorinated hydrocarbons that are used to clean metal surfaces to produce gases that may be hazardous. These reactions and their dependence on the welding and process variables are discussed along with a review of the physiological effects associated with the presence of these gases in the welding environment. The effects of heat are more difficult to assess than those associated with radiation, because psychological as well as physiological reactions that may adversely affect efficiency and production capacity can occur. Information concerned directly with the effect of heat on welders is limited. However, research has been undertaken by others to: (1) develop methods to measure the performance of humans who are subjected to high heat levels, (2) validate these methods by experimental studies, and (3) plan corrective actions based on the resulting data. These studies and their applicability to welding are discussed.

Patent
13 Nov 1973
TL;DR: In this article, a method for controlling grain size and weld puddle agitation in a tungsten electrode inert gas welding system to produce fine, even grain sizes and distribution is described.
Abstract: A method for controlling grain size and weld puddle agitation in a tungsten electrode inert gas welding system to produce fine, even grain size and distribution is disclosed In the method the frequency of DC welding voltage pulses supplied to the welding electrode is varied over a preselected frequency range and the arc gas voltage is monitored At some frequency in the preselected range the arc gas voltage will pass through a maximum By maintaining the operating frequency of the system at this value, maximum weld puddle agitation and fine grain structure are produced

Patent
04 Jan 1973
TL;DR: In this article, a self-shielded welding electrode for vertical-up welding using molding shoes to hold the molten metal in position, using an open arc which does not require an externally-supplied shielding gas and which permits very high linear welding speeds.
Abstract: A cored-type welding electrode for vertical-up welding using molding shoes to hold the molten metal in position, using an open arc which does not require an externally-supplied shielding gas and which permits very high linear welding speeds. The core materials include a metal fluosilicate capable of breaking down in the heat of the arc to produce: a gas in sufficient volume to shield the arc from the atmosphere and a slag forming ingredient; and, other slag forming ingredients including the metal oxides and the alkali metal fluorides in a critical volume such that the total slag forming ingredients do not exceed six percent of the total electrode weight and the oxides are present in quantities at least greater than the fluorides. The self-shielded electrode further permits the use of active deoxidizers in quantities of under 0.5 percent.

Patent
14 Feb 1973
TL;DR: In this paper, a tungsten inert gas arc striking device for welding stainless steels and nonferrous metals, e.g., aluminum is provided, in which the charge stored in a capacitor is momentarily discharged through a discharge switch and a coupling coil to produce a kick voltage and this kick voltage is then superimposed on a welding current to effect the arc striking or restriking.
Abstract: A tungsten inert gas arc striking device for welding stainless steels and nonferrous metals, e.g., aluminum is provided, in which when striking an arc or restriking the arc, the charge stored in a capacitor is momentarily discharged through a discharge switch and a coupling coil to produce a kick voltage and this kick voltage is then superimposed on a welding current to effect the arc striking or restriking. Thus, welds of high quality can be produced and the occurrence of radio interferences can also be eliminated.

Patent
26 Jan 1973
TL;DR: In this article, an arc welder is described, which is composed of an inductor alternator, a variable voltage source for energizing the field of the alternator and a rectifier for rectifying the alterantor output.
Abstract: An arc welder is comprised of an inductor alternator, a variable voltage source for energizing the field of the alternator, a rectifier for rectifying the alterantor output, and an internal combustion engine or electric motor of suitable horsepower for driving the alternator. The welding current of the welder is controlled solely by varying the field excitation, and for various levels of field excitation the open circuit voltage remains substantially constant, the output voltage versus current characteristic is inherently such that within the range of welding voltages the current is substantially constant, and the voltage recovery time from short circuit is extremely rapid, thereby eliminating the need for auxiliary devices such as voltage and current regulators, series reactors and/or load control resistors. A switch means for selectively connecting the generating windings to the rectifier in either a delta or wye configuration and a voltage regulator may be used to adapt the alternator for use as a 110-120 volt auxiliary power unit. When used for welding, the alternator field is varied over a range of excitation values including values producing overexcitation of the field as compared to ordinary alternator usage. This produces an open circuit output voltage substantially constant and substantially equal to the maximum or peak value of open circuit voltage for which the alternator is designed at a given speed.

Patent
01 Jun 1973
TL;DR: In this article, a single-pole electrical plug connection for shielded arc welding apparatus including plug and socket bodies telescopically interfitting and relatively rotatable to produce interlocking, the socket bodies having interconnectible and coaxial tubes carrying the electrode wire, and additional connectors for other utilities such as gas and electrical control signals.
Abstract: A single-pole electrical plug connection for shielded arc welding apparatus including plug and socket bodies telescopically interfitting and relatively rotatable to produce interlocking, the socket bodies having interconnectible and coaxial tubes carrying the electrode wire, and additional connectors for other utilities such as gas and electrical control signals; and a centrally bored adapter pin mountable on the wire feed mechanism and carrying one of said bodies in stationary position and supplying the electrode wire therethrough; additional utility supply tubes for coolant and the like having connectors mounted on said plug and socket bodies in an arrangement whereby one of the bodies has a rotatable sleeve carrying such coolant tube connectors.


Patent
20 Sep 1973
TL;DR: A submerged arc welding process forming a welded steel joint consisting of said steel pieces joined by weld metal having superior impact resistance at low temperatures, said weld metal consisting essentially of up to 0.1% carbon, less than 0.4% silicon, between 1.2% and 1.5% molybdenum, between 0.02% and 0.05% titanium, and up to 4% nickel.
Abstract: A submerged arc welding process forming a welded steel joint consisting of said steel pieces joined by weld metal having superior impact resistance at low temperatures, said weld metal consisting essentially of up to 0.1% carbon, less than 0.4% silicon, between 1.2% and 1.7% manganese, between 0.08% and 0.5% molybdenum, between 0.02% and 0.05% titanium, between 0.0012% and 0.004% boron, up to 4% nickel, and less than 0.045% oxygen. The process utilizes specified low-temperature steel base metal which is to be welded; specified welding electrodes; and a flux.

Patent
04 Oct 1973
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe automatic and semi-automatic welding by means of an electric arc under a protective atmosphere of a gas, using a continuous metallic tubular flux core-type electrode with a particular composition of the core.
Abstract: This invention concerns automatic and semi-automatic welding by means of an electric arc under a protective atmosphere of a gas, using a continuous metallic tubular flux core-type electrode with a particular composition of the core. The fluxing ingredients produce a slag of unusually high viscosity at, and just below, welding temperatures.

Patent
14 Sep 1973
TL;DR: In this article, a flux cored wire composed of a steel sheath and a core containing titanium and boron with the addition of a metal fluoride was used for submerged arc welding.
Abstract: Methods and materials for submerged arc welding for obtaining a high toughness welded metal containing titanium and boron by using a flux cored wire composed of a steel sheath and a core containing titanium and boron with the addition of a metal fluoride.

Patent
26 Dec 1973
TL;DR: In this article, an arc welder consisting of an inductor alternator having two field windings, a rectifier for rectifying the alternator output, and an internal combustion engine, electric motor or other prime mover for driving the generator is described.
Abstract: An arc welder comprises an inductor alternator having two field windings, a rectifier for rectifying the alternator output, and an internal combustion engine, electric motor or other prime mover for driving the alternator. A variable electrical supply is provided for energizing one field winding of the alternator. By varying the excitation voltage of such one field winding, varying output currents for welding are produced, and over a given range of excitation voltages, the corresponding open circuit voltages will fall within a relatively narrow range of voltages considered ideal or most favorable for welding purposes. A switch means is provided for connecting the second field winding of the alternator in series with the welder output circuit in either a compound differential or aiding mode. This alters the output characteristics of the welder resulting in a lower or higher range of welding currents being produced for the same range of open circuit voltages, thereby extending the usefulness of the welder.

Patent
18 Jun 1973
TL;DR: A contact nozzle for supplying welding current to a continuous, fusible arc welding electrode in which a pneumatic cylinder or other resilient means maintain a contact member in engagement with an electrode backed on the opposite side by a wearresistant, electrically nonconducting or poorly conducting backing member.
Abstract: A contact nozzle for supplying welding current to a continuous, fusible arc welding electrode in which a pneumatic cylinder or other resilient means maintain a contact member in engagement with an electrode backed on the opposite side by a wearresistant, electrically nonconducting or poorly conducting backing member.

Patent
13 Nov 1973
TL;DR: In this article, a device for setting up an arc current in pulsed arc welding comprising a rectifier and a choke connected at the rectifier output and adapted for smoothing pulsations of rectified current was described.
Abstract: A device for setting up an arc current in pulsed arc welding comprising a rectifier and a choke connected at the rectifier output and adapted for smoothing pulsations of rectified current, said device being characterised in that it is fitted with a controllable valve connected in parallel with said choke and shunting it within a pre-set period of pulsation of the rectified current voltage with a delay as to the commencement of the rectified current voltage pulsation period.

Patent
16 Jul 1973
TL;DR: In this article, a D.C. arc welding power supply is supplied with three-phase power through a threephase transformer, where the secondaries of the transformer are connected to a three phase rectifier bridge with an SCR connected in each phase.
Abstract: A D.C. arc welding power supply is supplied with three-phase power through a three-phase transformer. The secondaries of the transformer are connected to a three-phase rectifier bridge with an SCR connected in each phase. A timing pulse generator receives phase reference from the secondaries and produces timing pulses at a controlled time in each phase. A firing signal generator responds to such timing pulses by generating firing signals and applying them to the respective gate electrodes of the SCR''s. A torch switch turns the timing pulses off and on to turn the welding arc off and on, even though full voltage is applied to the primaries. The timing circuit preferably comprises a relaxation oscillator circuit. Multiple torches may be supplied with controlled power simultaneously from the same transformer. A hot start circuit provides greater voltage for a predetermined interval at the beginning of a weld. A MIG spot circuit turns the arc off at the end of a predetermined time for spot welding.

Patent
25 Apr 1973
TL;DR: A welding gun is provided with an integral device for withdrawing smoke and hot gases generated during the arc welding process, including means for cooling portions of the gun that the operator normally holds during the course of his work as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A welding gun is provided with an integral device for withdrawing smoke and hot gases generated during the arc welding process, including means for cooling portions of the gun that the operator normally holds during the course of his work.

Patent
08 Jun 1973
TL;DR: In this paper, a cassette-type tube welder for rapid in-place welding of tubes is described, which includes an electric welding means, a tube gripping means and a power pack having a drive motor and controls.
Abstract: A cassette-type tube welder for the rapid in-place welding of tubes. This welder includes an electric welding means, a tube gripping means and a power pack having a drive motor and controls. The welding means is in the form of a welding cassette which contains a rotatable tube encircling means that houses the welding electrode. A hydraulically operated piston supplies the motive force to a gripping means secured to the welding cassette in order to butt the tubes to be welded during the welding operation. This tube welder may further be made in a variety of sizes and may accommodate a variety of cassettes.


Patent
20 Aug 1973
TL;DR: In this paper, a magnetic field is directed across the arc formed by each torch so as to produce a force which is directed opposite to the force created by currents flowing in the same direction through the adjacent arcs.
Abstract: This invention relates to arc welding apparatus and describes a method and means for producing welds in which the metal in the weld area is of higher ductility than has been produced in welds made with conventional welding apparatus. Two welding torches are utilized one closely following the other. A magnetic field is directed across the arc formed by each torch so as to produce a force which is directed opposite to the force created by currents flowing in the same direction through the adjacent arcs. This latter force would otherwise cause the arcs to move towards each other and be erratic and inconsistent in their effect.

Patent
19 Oct 1973
TL;DR: In this article, a superconductive assembly is made by overlaying copper and niobium strips longitudinally and welding them together through exposure of the copper strip side to arc welding.
Abstract: A super-conductive assembly is made by overlaying copper and niobium strips longitudinally and welding them together through exposure of the copper strip side to arc welding. The laminated strip is rolled, folded longitudinally, welded along adjoining edges, and the resulting tube is then corrugated for use in a flexible cryogenic cable.