Showing papers on "Architecture published in 1973"

Modern Movements in Architecture

Abstract: The plurality of approaches the six traditions - politics and architecture the problem of Mies Gropius, Wright and the collapse into formalism Charles Jeanneret - Le Corbusier Alvar Aalto and the means of architectural communication recent American architeture - camp non camp recent British architecture - pop not pop the international scene - larger than architecture.

Early Muslim Architecture

Abstract: The Community of orientalists and art historians •welcomes with deep gratitude this new edition of Professor Cres-weH's monumental work on early Muslim architecture. We have great pleasure in taking this opportunity to congratulate Professor Creswell, who in September 1969 has celebrated his 90th birthday, on his enormous achievement and on the unique Service he has rendered to the study of Islamic architecture. In 1932 Creswell published the first volume of his exhaustive 'Early Muslim Architecture', covering the period of the Umayyads up to their fall in 750 A.I). Since then an enormous amount of Umayyad material has come to light. New excavations have revealed so far unknown buildings and architectural remains, and discoveries of figural sculptures, architectural Ornaments and mosaics have led to a better knowledge of Umayyad art and disclosed new aspects of this formative period of Islamic art. Creswell has included these new discoveries either in the text or in the bibliography of his new edition. Thus the following monuments have been added:

Vitruvius and Later Roman Building Manuals

Abstract: An edition and translation of Faventinus' Compendium of Vitruvius' De architectura. There is an introductory account of the relationship between Vitruvius and the world of Faventinus and Palladius, both of whom made great use of Vitruvian material, Palladius apparently deriving it exclusively from Faventinus. But they did not borrow it slavishly. Both adapted it and added to it in the light of the practical concerns of their own day and technical developments not available to Vitruvius. Dr Plommer holds the view, orthodox since Nohl, that Faventinus wrote in the early fourth century AD and Palladius probably a century later. The text has a translation on facing pages and is followed by a commentary on the main points of interest in it. This is the first translation of the text to appear and the book will be of interest to historians of technology and of architecture in the ancient world, as well as to classicists.

Without Rhetoric: An Architectural Aesthetic 1955-1972

Abstract: "When le Corbusier assembled "Vers Une Architecture,"" write the Smithsons, "he gave to young architects everywhere a way of looking at the emergent machine-served society, and from that, a way of looking at antiquity and a rationale to support his personal aesthetic. Viollet-le-Duc had performed the same service to architects before le Corbusier: the role they played is traditional to the development of architecture. In this essay, based on material written between 1955 and 1972, we try to do the same as these architects before us."We write to make ourselves see what we have got in the inescapable present...to give another interpretation of the same ruins...to show a glimpse of another aesthetic."The Smithsons gained an international reputation in the early 1950s, both for their buildings and for being instrumental in the development of the "thoughtful" approach to modern architecture. Their theoretical accommodation of the economic and social context in which the architect/urbanist works was set out as succinctly as possible in "Urban Structuring, " published in 1967. "Team 10 Primer, " first published in a special issue of "Architectural Design" in 1962, and subsequently brought up to date and published by The MIT Press in book form in 1968, documented the Smithsons' search with other leading architect/urbanist/teachers for a technique of working together, a skill or way of thinking that past cultures obviously had but that seemed to be lost to the builders in our present cities."Without Rhetoric"--concerned with architectural form and its material embodiment--is a parallel volume to "Ordinariness and Light" (The MIT Press, 1970), which contained those essays concerning urban form written over the years 1952-1960. Architecture tends to be long-lasting, which makes thoughtful architects cautious, anxious to try to understand, to respond intelligently. They tend to dig into things, so that their intuition has as sound a base as possible to work on. "Without Rhetoric" is a refinement of the results of twenty years of such digging, intended to give the reader a real feeling for these particular architects' interests and obsessions. Among the many subjects discussed in word and image are The New Brutalism...the role of advertising in shaping what we think we need...The Rocket, a statement on the present state of architecture...Mies van der Rohe, a homage...some meditations on Braun...The use of repetition....

In The Nature Of Materials 1887-1941: The Buildings Of Frank Lloyd Wright

Abstract: }This is the definitive study of Frank Lloyd Wright and his work, an eloquent summation of an outstanding career that spanned nearly seventy years of American architectural history. Writing with warmth and penetrating intelligence, Henry-Russell Hitchcock, America's leading architectural expert, explores Wright's distinctive approach to the design and construction of homes, civic centers, housing projects, country clubs, and office buildingsemphasizing throughout Wright's skillful use of materials to create harmony between structure and environment.Hitchcock covers each of the major phases in Wright's first fifty years as an architect: the apprenticeship with J.L. Selsbee; the movement toward maturity with "Lieber Meister" Sullivan, and the links with Richardson, the "prairie" architecture of the early 1900s and the non-domestic work of the same period which exerted so great an influence upon the development of modern European architecture; the textile block housing and cantilevered skyscraper projects of the early 20s; the creative hiatus of the late 20s and early 30s; and the projects of the Depression years, interrupted in 1942 by World War II. More than 400 illustrations are presented in chronological order in a format Wright himself designed, revealing an endless assortment of shapes, materials and structural ornament that indicate the scope and focus of Wright's genius. Accompanying the photographs, plans, and perspectives is Hitchcock's perceptive commentary, linking each building to a particular phase in Wright's development and showing how in each case the architect forged the elements of materials, mass, space, and ornament into a powerful visual statement.Hitchcock also contributes a list of the architect's completed projects through 1941, and, in a new foreword specially prepared for this Da Capo edition, assesses Wright's major projects during the last two decades of his life. }

Concepts of Space in Urban Design, Architecture and Art

Abstract: in the author's view, a new approach to urban design, architecture and art. These contributions suggest that two basic categories of space must be distinguished: the physical and the mental. Mental space is shown not to have a one-to-one correspondence with the space that is part of the physical world, due to the mediation of various psychological and cultural factors. A concept of space may be said to originate in an observer's mind and is a structure that is imposed on the physical world. The author discusses how concepts of space have been found to differ on a cultural basis and he gives some examples of how they have influenced urban design, architecture and art in various cultures. To analyse this relationship further, mental space has been sub-divided into three major types: the biological, the symbolic and the mathematical. Specific examples are given of these as they have been embodied in the layout of towns, building design and painting.

The Architecture of War

Abstract: This inspiring book becomes one that is very booming. After published, this book can steal the market and book lovers to always run out of this book. And now, we will not let you run out any more to get this book. Why should be the architecture of war ? As a book lover, you must know that enjoying the book to read should be relevant to how you exactly need now. If they are not too much relevance, you can take the way of the inspirations to create for new inspirations.

On sculpture and architecture

Abstract: Traditionally, the central role of sculpture has involved placement on public sites, although during the 20th century the trend has been for sculptors to make works for display in a neutral gallery environment. Interest, however, has been growing to again place sculpture in urban areas not restricted to private use, such as thoroughfares, public buildings, parks and squares [1]. Sculpture can offset excessively impersonal modem architecture by adding a human sense of scale and points of emotional significance. Perhaps it is more certain that public sites need the sculptor rather than that he needs such sites. A sculptor who takes on such a commission is faced with problems that do not arise in gallery work. His sculpture as an aesthetic object must compete visually with utilitarian objects. He may have to contend with ideas proposed by a patron or by an architect. He must make decisions arising from a specific location regarding scale, materials, viewing space and placement [2, 3]. Two of the senior author's sculptures of the 1960's that are placed at public sites illustrate some of these considerations. 'Locking Piece' (1963/4), sited by the river Thames near the Tate Gallery in London, was a gift to the Nation. John Barton, of Farmer and Dark, Chartered Architects, after discussions with the senior author (hereinafter referred to by the personal pronoun) planned the environment of the sculpture and the firm designed both the garden surrounding the sculpture and the nearby Riverwalk House. In a letter to the junior author, Barton discussed the design of the freestanding cooling tower of Riverwalk House, which can be seen on the right in Fig. 1. Because of proximity and similarities

A guide to Baltimore architecture

Abstract: From eighteenth-century mansions to urban high-rise buildings, this guide chronicles two hundred years of architectural history through an exploration of the city's most beautiful and significant structures. Grouped by neighbourhood in fifteen walking and driving tours, more than two hundred notable Baltimore buildings are pictured and described with commentary on their history and style. Thoroughly rewritten, the guide incorporates new photographs, maps, and tours as well as updated biographies of Baltimore architects. This edition also features a fresh examination of twentieth-century design in Baltimore by architectural historian Phoebe B Stanton.

The Influence of Architecture upon Liturgical Change

Abstract: Anyone who is concerned with the planning of a new building at the present day is confronted with the need for a functional analysis. The client has to provide a clear indication of the activities which will take place so that the architect can plan accordingly. It does not matter what type of building is envisaged, such a list is essential. If the client specifies certain physical actions, he will be provided ultimately with a gymnasium. If he anticipates functions including worship, he will be provided with some kind of church building. This recognition of the importance of functional analysis has affected one's understanding of historic buildings. They are now studied not just in terms of style but in relation to the activities which they accommodated. Churches in particular are not simply to be regarded as monuments nor as illustrations of a particular period in the development of architecture, nor again solely as objects for aesthetic appreciation, they are also to be 'read' in terms of the liturgical and other functions that they housed. Liturgy has in fact influenced church building throughout the ages.

Vernacular Architecture of the British Isles

Abstract: The term vernacular architecture is being increasingly applied to the buildings used by ordinary people, especially in pre-industrial societies.1 Vernacular architecture characteristically exhibits consid erable regional variety of style. Within regions there is marked and voluntary adherence by the majority of society to a single model or ideal pattern of house form. Even though professional builders may be operating, the basic model is not seriously questioned by builder or peasant. The model has no designer but is part of the anonymous folk tradition and tends to be persistent in time. Conformity, anonym ity, and continuity may be seen as the hallmarks of regional vernacu lar architecture, reflecting the cultural coherence, simplicity, and con servatism of peasant communities and the deep rooted traditions within the building crafts. With the growth of commercial agriculture and industrialization in particular, rural society becomes more strati fied and diverse. Building activities respond. There is more variety in house design and departure from traditional models. Regional differ ences are also blurred or eradicated. But the decay of the vernacular tradition in domestic building is difficult to date precisely because it is a protracted process and proceeds at a different pace from region to region. Even with the advent of machinery and the mass production

Computer architecture comments on the state-of-the art

Abstract: Various authors and computer designers (computer architects) have defined computer architecture in several ways: Amdahl, Blauuw and Brooks (1964) in the article, “Architecture of the IBM System/360”, define architecture: “The term architecture is used here to describe the attributes of a system as seen by the programmer, i.e., the conceptual structure and functional behavior, as distinct from the organization and data flow and control, the logical design and the physical implementation.”