Showing papers on "Architecture published in 1982"

The Architecture of the City

Abstract: Aldo Rossi, a practicing architect and leader of the Italian architectural movement La Tendenza, is also one of the most influential theorists writing today. The Architecture of the City is his major work of architectural and urban theory. In part a protest against functionalism and the Modern Movement, in part an attempt to restore the craft of architecture to its position as the only valid object of architectural study, and in part an analysis of the rules and forms of the city's construction, the book has become immensely popular among architects and design students.

Modern architecture since 1900

Abstract: Part 1 The formative strands of Modern architecture: the idea of a Modern architecture in the 19th century industrialization and the city - the skyscraper as type and symbol the search for new forms and the problem of ornament rationalism, the engineering tradition, and reinforced concrete arts and crafts ideals in Britain and the USA responses to mechanization - the Deutscher Werkbund and futurism the architectural system of Frank Lloyd Wright national romanticism and classical transformations cubism and new conceptions of space. Part 2 The crystallization of Modern architecture between the wars: Le Corbusier's quest for ideal form Walter Gropius, German expressionism, and the Bauhaus architecture and revolution in Russia skyscraper and suburb - the USA between the wars the ideal community - alternatives to the industrial city the international style, the individual talent, and the myth of functionalism the image and idea of Le Corbusier's Villa Savoye at Poissy the continuity of older traditions nature and the machine - Mies van der Rohe, Wright and Le Corbusier in the 1930s totalitarian critiques of the Modern movement the spread of modern architecture to Britain and Finland universal models, national inflections and regional accents. Part 3 Transformation and dissemination after 1940: modern architecture in the USA - immigration and consolidation form and meaning in the late works of Le Corbusier the Unite d'Habitation at Marseilles as a collective housing prototype Alvar Aalto and Scandinavian developments disjunctions and continuities in the Europe of the 1950s the process of absorption - Latin America, Australia, Japan Louis I. Kahn and the challenge of monumentality architecture and anti-architecture in Britain crises and critiques in the 1960s modernity and tradition in the Third World architectural types and urban fragments - new directions in the 1970s. Part 4 Changing ideals in the late 20th century: modern architecture and the historical sense world cultures and local identities traditions of the modern towards architecture, beyond style.

The prediction of preference for unfamiliar urban places

Abstract: Preferences for unfamiliar urban environments were studied as a function of urban categories, viewing time, and four predictor variables: complexity, coherence, identifiability, and mystery. A nonmetric factor analysis of the preference ratings for the longest viewing-time condition yielded five dimensions: Contemporary Life, Alley/Factory, Urban Nature, Unusual Architecture, and Older Buildings. The five categories differed significantly in preference, with Urban Nature by far the most preferred and Alley/Factory distinctly disliked. The combination of low coherence and high complexity characterizes the least liked Alley/Factory category, while the role of mystery in the urban setting is highlighted by the most preferred Urban Nature category. The results point to various ways in which the urban environment could be more responsive to people's preferences.

The Fabrication of Virtue: English Prison Architecture, 1750-1840

Abstract: List of illustrations Acknowledgements Introduction 1 Another world, yet the same 2 From correction to reformation from dungeon to cell 3 Gaol fever 4 Penitentiaries and reformed prisons 5 A way of obtaining power 6 Classification, inspection and labour 7 Architecture against communication 8 The Model Prison 9 The uncoupling of architecture and reform 10 Architecture limited and unlimited Notes Index

Vernacular Domestic Architecture in Eighteenth-Century Virginia

Abstract: V ERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE is regional architecture. The vernacular buildings of any area display a mixture of indigenous forms and more broadly distributed folk and academic ones that are combined in a distinctive local manner. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, powerful new popular and academic architectural ideas significantly affected regional architectures and are sometimes thought to have challenged them so severely that vernacular building was eradicated.' Yet a careful analysis of the local design process that examines the reasons for choosing new forms in any area and, most important, the system into which they were fitted demonstrates that local builders took the new ideas into account but were not overwhelmed by them. In eighteenth-century eastern Virginia, the subject of this article, builders systematically dismembered the new architectural concepts and fit them into traditional Virginia ones in ways that illustrate the close interdependence of local and extralocal impulses in vernacular building.2 While similar cultural impulses affected all of the colonies and the mother country, the peculiar history of each area determined the shape of its response to them. As with many other aspects of Anglo-American life, the shift from an agrarian to a capitalist society in England, marked by the late seventeenth-century triumph of what J. H. Plumb called \"the Whig oligarchy,\" introduced changes in building practices in both England and America.3 First was the restructuring of architectural author-

An introductory study

Abstract: Examines Roman architecture as a party of overall urban design and looks at arches, public buildings, tombs, columns, stairs, plazas, and streets.

Bruno Taut and the architecture of activism

Abstract: List of illustrations Preface Introduction Part I. The Roots of Activism: 1. Reformism and Expressionism 2. Bruno Taut: 1900-1914 Part II. 1914-1918: The Foundations of Activist Architecture: 3. Pacifism 4. Regeneration 5. Chiliastic expectations - the Gemeinschaft 6. Geist and Volk 7. The role of the activist 8. The rationalism of intuition 9. The new city and the resonance of Geist and Volk Part III. November 1918-April 1919. Activism and Political Engagement: 11. The Politischer Rat geistiger Arbeiter and the Arbeitrat fur Kunst 12. The politics of decentralisation 13. The AFK, December 1918-April 1919 Part IV. April 1919-December 1920: 14. The AFK under Walter Gropius 15. The Ausstellung fur unbekannte Architekten 16. Taut and the Proletkult 17. Taut's literary activity in the summer of 1919 18. The Bund fur proletarische Kultur 19. the Werkbund conference: September 1919 20. Autumn and winter 1919: unrealised projects 21. The Glaserne Kett 22. Taut and the theatre 23. The end of an avant-garde Conclusion Appendices Notes Bibliography Sources of illustrations Index.

The architecture of Ireland: From the earliest times to 1880

Abstract: Prehistoric early Christian romanesque Cistercian gothic castles and churches friaries etc tower-houses the end of the Middle Ages the restoration Dublin - the 17th century Dublin - 1690-1757 country houses 1700-1780 provincial towns and churches the neo-classic neo-classic to romantic the early 19th century the later 19th century - some miscellaneous buildings, official architecture, the Dublin suburban house to 1870, pugin and his followers, six architects, the godless colleges, schools, markets and shops, town-planning - Dublin and provinces, cathedrals, five large houses, gate lodges, railway architecture, coda, requiescant.

Architecture as Drawing

Abstract: (1982). Architecture as Drawing. Journal of Architectural Education: Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 2-7.

Courtyard Housing in Los Angeles: A Typological Analysis

Abstract: The Bauhaus principles dominant in modern architecture downplay the value of historical precedents. Interest in historical architecture is growing, however, and architects recognize that it has qualities worth incorporating into contemporary architecture and city planning. Courtyard Housing in Los Angeles is a manifestation of this movement. It analyzes Los Angeles's courtyard architecture, popular in the 1920s and 1930s, and argues for the application of courtyard principles into modern urban design. The authors of Courtyard Housing are three Los Angeles architects primarily addressing their colleagues, who are in a position to incorporate the merits of courtyard plans and who bear the responsibility for creating human-oriented architecture. This emphasis is apparent in the authors' use of architectural jargon which is cryptic to the layman. Polyzoides, Sherwood, and Tice focus mainly on the components of the courtyard typology, which they consider a "valuable model of how we should proceed in restructuring our cities" (p. 211). Courtyard Housing also traces the historical development of the courtyards, which makes the book of interest to architectural and cultural historians. A set of case studies, organized chronologically by builders and carefully linked together by text, details the emergence and characteristics of courtyard housing still standing in Los Angeles. To complement the case studies, the authors present an analysis of Los Angeles culture and interpret courts as a response to this culture. The authors use a selection of contemporary writings on architecture to convey the tastes and attitudes of the twenties and thirties and explain how courtyards, particularly the popular Spanish Revival complexes, reflect these trends. In the epilogue, the authors make a sound case for historical preservation of the Los Angeles courts, giving the book appeal for a larger audience. The authors' attempt to address a variety of disciplines is both a strength and a weakness of Courtyard Housing. They correctly emphasize the interrelationship of architectural design and history, but they do not achieve the integration of the historical context in a tightly organized manner. So, while by no means definitive, Courtyard Housing provides an insightful and instructive glimpse into the residential courtyards of Los Angeles. KAREN L. SCHULTZ University of California Santa Barbara

A recursive computer architecture for VLSI

Abstract: We present a general-purpose computer architecture based on the concept of recursion, suitable for VLSI computer systems built from replicated (LEGO-like) computing elements. The recursive computer architecture is defined by presenting a program organisation, a machine organisation and an experimental machine implementation oriented to VLSI. The program organisation, called recursive control flow, attempts a synthesis of the concepts underlying traditional control flow, data flow and reduction, to exploit the individual strengths of each organisation. The machine organisation is based on replicated general-purpose computing elements, as well as special-purpose computing elements that allow the function of individual computer systems to be specialised. These elements are interconnected to form a larger computer system and cooperate in the concurrent execution of a program. The experimental implementation is being restricted to simple, identical microcomputers each containing a memory, a processor and a communications capability. This future generation of LEGO-like computer systems are termed fifth generation computers [1] by the Japanese.

Astronomical Alignments in Medieval Islamic Religious Architecture

Abstract: INCE THE EARLY days of Islam, Muslims have faced the sacred Ka'ba S in Mecca when praying. With the advent of Islam, Mecca became the navel of the earth in Islamic tradition, and the Ka'ba, a pre-Islamic pagan shrine of uncertain origin and date, came to be a focus, if not an object, of veneration.' Thus, for centuries, mosques have been built so that they are aligned towards Mecca, the rnihrGb, or prayer-niche, indicating the qibla, or local direction of Mecca.2 From the eighth century onwards, Muslim astronomers devoted much attention to the problem of determining the qibla of any locality from the geographical coordinates of Mecca and of that locality.3 They derived geometric and trigonometric solutions of considerable sophistication, and even compiled tables displaying the qibla for each degree of latitude and longitude. They also devised approximate methods with which the qibla for any locality could be found easily and accurately enough for all practical purposes. Such approximate methods for finding the direction of Mecca were widely known in the medieval Islamic world from the ninth century onwards, and most medieval Islamic astronomical handbooks (zijes) contained chapters on the determination of the qibla by mathematical means, as well as geographical tables displaying latitudes, longitudes, and qiblas of important cities. The legal aspects of the religious duty of Muslims to face Mecca in prayer, and the mathematical techniques that were available for finding the qibla, are now rather well documented in the modern scholarly literature. There are, however, other pertinent questions relating to the

The NS16000 Family-Advances in Architecture and Hardware

Abstract: and slave processors, this group of microprocessors addresses a wide range of system applications. When LSI/MOS chips were first developed, it was possible for designers to place approximately 1000 active elements on a single chip. Now, ten years later, the number of active elements per chip has risen to over 100,000. As we enter the second decade of LSI/MOS technology, applications for its use are continually expanding as the computational power of newly developed 16-and 32-bit microprocessors approaches that of mainframe computers. In short, microprocessor designers have their work cut out for them. Currently, software development efforts are becoming responsible for ever larger shares of product development costs. To offset these costs, microcomputer designers are shifting toward high-level language programming. Increasingly , users expect microprocessors to provide a cost-effective solution for HLL support with minimal degradation in overall system performance; this sets tougher requirements for microprocessor designers. Sophisticated future systems will require a combination of capabilities. Anticipating these needs, National Semiconductor has developed the NS 16000 microprocessor family to incorporate various architectural features into a new generation of devices. Utilizing National Semiconductor's XMOS technology, the design of the NS16000 family is implemented with 3.5-micron gate technology. This allows for a smaller die size, leading to a reduction in chip cost. The design challenges in creating this new family were met only after thoroughly considering market requirements and LSI technology limitations. This article describes some of the capabilities provided by the NS16000 architecture.

Mind child architecture

Abstract: Similar ebooks with Mind Child Architecture : mind child architecture uzsou mind child architecture ngkob mind the child kpeik understanding brain development in young children the architecture of brain and mind stress and the architecture of the rain young children and the arts mind, brain, body, and behavior nih history understanding the brain: the birth of a learning science top of mind: childrenâ€ÂTMs mental health in racine architecture for the imagination virginia tech theory of mind rutgers university early brain and child development clark county, washington stress disrupts the architecture of the developing brain modularity of mind and language université de montréal the prehistory of the mind university of colorado boulder nurturing your childâ€ÂTMs hunter institute of mental health how does the mind work? insights from biology brain development and early learning wordpress mind power: the secret of mental magic yogebooks can movement promote creativity? naeyc architecture facts for children dhula how natural and built environments impact human health plasp child care services program statement 2015-16 session c the brain, early development and learning the cognitive tools of children's imagination kieran egan development of the adolescent brain: implications for from two systems to a multi-systems architecture for early childhood development unicef | children â€ÂTMs a guide to sharing architecture theory of mind, attention, and executive function in autism and architecture scielo personality is reflected in the brainâ€ÂTMs intrinsic century of the child: growing by design, 1900–2000 building(be*er(brains: thecorestoryofearlybrain child care insides cornell college of human ecology creating a warm and inclusive classroom environment the modularity of mind: an essay on faculty psychology by young children and nature: outdoor play and development cognitive architectures for conceptual structures benefits of gardening for children peecworks lifes experiences in rhyme for everyones mind odzsc framing early child development message brief some implications of comparing brain and computer processing social cognitive theory: an agentic perspective csu, chico undergraduate majors, minors, and certificate affective learning companions: strategies for empathetic the functional architecture of human empathy brain research and its implications for early childhood thesis on therapeutic gardening for autistic children advances in earth science from earthquakes to global warming royal society series on advances in return to the library of doom milwaukee press club book doctor ox apos s experiment stories of scotland and its adjacent islands state aid to railways in missouri bulletin engineering experiment station milano e i principi di savoia cenni storici homer and english metre an essay on the translating of the iliad and odyssey 1862 united arab emirates united arab emirates a country study a country study memoirs of extraordinary popular delusions and the madness of crowds laugh cackle howl joke book the medieval murders the first murder pearl and wagner one funny day ueber arsenick michigan manufacturer financial record tiny titans the first rule of pet club state sanitary requirements governing admission of live stock compiled from reports of accredited of military history of latvi occupation of the baltic states united soccer leagues players by club portland timbers usl players takayuki suzuki charles adair volvo 740 76

Art of building in Yemen

Abstract: This is the first systematic survey of the architecture of Yemen, covering the full range of vernacular building types, styles, and materials found throughout the country. It may also be the last look at this architecture in its purest, most homogeneous form as Yemen becomes increasingly susceptible to the Western influences which have already begun to alter the environments of its richer neighbors on the Arabian Peninsula. The carefully chosen photographs and line drawings make this a definitive reference book for architects, travelers, and readers interested in a remarkably varied and elaborate architectural tradition.Part one, "Space and Form," covers the environment and its control through dams, terraces, wells, and moats; the basic types of shelters from tents and caves to the remarkable "tower houses" (commonly six stories high) and the basic types of settlements from desert outgrowths and hilltop hamlets to urban centers of trade and polity; building methods and materials, including mud, plaster, stone, and brick; and architectural elements such as roofs, walls, gratings, doors, and windows (many with brilliantly colored glass).The book's second part, "Regional Surveys," notes architectural variations and distributions from the coastal strip to the midlands, highlands, and plateau, and includes a separate chapter on urban development.Fernando Varanda is an architect who has spent a number of years in Yeman under the auspices of the United Nations and later the Art and Archaeology Research Papers of London.

Style and epoch

Abstract: Preface by Kenneth FramptonMoisei Iakovlevich Ginzburg, one of the founders and chief spokesmen of the Constructivist movement in Soviet architecture, combined the talents of scholar, theoretician, writer, and practicing architect. Originally published in Moscow in 1924, his book "Style and Epoch" is considered by many to be the single most important piece of writing on architecture to come out of Russia in this century. It elucidates the aims and ideals of a Constructivist architecture, providing what is essentially an official manifesto of the Constructivist program and becoming the cornerstone of virtually all of the Constructivist writings that followed. Its translation makes available to English readers one of the seminal works of modern architectural theory."Style and Epoch "has often been compared to Le Corbusier's Vers "Une Architecture" (published the year before Ginzburg's book) as a classic of early twentieth-century architectural thought. In it, Ginzburg expresses admiration for the products of engineering and machine technology and voices dismay at the failure to apply the means of that technology to improving architecture. By virtue of his unusually broad education; Ginzburg was able to draw upon elements of Western architecture and literature in such a way as to connect the Russian avant-garde with the simultaneously evolving network of progressive European movements. The result is a cogent analysis of architectural composition from antiquity to modern times in which Ginzburg attempts to plot those universal laws that determine any work of architecture, and proposes a systematic design method that is both rational and humane.An Oppositions Book.

By Design: Why There Are No Locks on the Bathroom Doors in the Hotel Louis XIV and Other Object Lessons

Abstract: * The Possibilities of Design ... the misplaced art of making things right * The Professional Emergence ... where industrial designers came, and are coming, from * The Way Things Mean ... what goes on between us and our artifacts * The Prop ... what chairs are for * A Pride of Camels ... we are all designers * Suitable for Framing ... is design art? * The Design of Possibilities ... the shift from object to situation * Making Connections: The Designer as Universal Joint ... object lessons in the work of Charles and Ray Eames * The More Things Change, The More We Stay The Same ... design and society respond to change and each other TEXT FEATURES * New chapter explores the design response to technological changes, discusses heightened public awareness, and the opportunities it offers * Discusses and explains the theories of green design and universal design * Examines the work of Charles and Ray Eames to show how their practice encompassed product design, interiors, architecture and film making