Showing papers on "Architecture published in 1994"

Architecture and disjunction

Abstract: Part 1: architecture the architectural paradox questions of space architecture and transgression the pleasure of architecture. Part 2: the program architecture and limits violence of architecture spaces and events sequences. Part 3: disjunction abstract mediation and strategy madness and the combinative disjunctions de-, dis-, ex- six concepts.

The Bayou Architecture: Support for Data Sharing Among Mobile Users

Abstract: The Bayou System is a platform of replicated, highly available, variable-consistency, mobile databases on which to build collaborative applications. This paper presents the preliminary system architecture along with the design goals that influenced it. We take a fresh, bottom-up and critical look at the requirements of mobile computing applications and carefully pull together both new and existing techniques into an overall architecture that meets these requirements. Our emphasis is on supporting application-specific conflict detection and resolution and on providing application-controlled inconsistency.

Patterns Generate Architectures

Abstract: We need ways to describe designs that communicate the reasons for our design decisions, not just the results. Design patterns have been proposed as ways of communicating design information. This paper shows that patterns can be used to derive an architecture from its problem statement. The resulting description makes it easier to understand the purpose of the various architectural features.

The Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System architecture: Past, present, and future

Abstract: The Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS), has been used at a number of sites for performing data acquisition, supervisory control, closed-loop control, sequential control, and operational optimization. The EPICS architecture was originally developed by a group with diverse backgrounds in physics and industrial control. The current architecture represents one instance of the “standard model”. It provides distributed processing and communication from any local area network (LAN) device to the front end controllers. This paper presents the current architecture, performance envelope, current installations, and planned extensions for requirements not met by the current architecture.

Islamic Architecture: Form, Function, and Meaning

Abstract: Scope of the enquiry religious architecture 1 - the mosque religious architecture 2 - the minaret religious architecture 3 - the madrasa the mausoleum secular architecture 1 - the caravanserai secular architecture 2 - the palace.

Privacy and publicity : modern architecture as mass media

Abstract: Through a series of close readings of two major figures of the modern movement, Adolf Loos and Le Corbusier, Beatriz Colomina argues that architecture only becomes modern in its engagement with the mass media, and that in so doing it radically displaces the traditional sense of space and subjectivity. "Privacy and Publicity" questions certain ideological assumptions underlying the received view of modern architecture and reconsiders the methodology of architectural criticism itself. Where conventional criticism portrays modern architecture as a high artistic practice in opposition to mass culture, Columina sees the emerging systems of communication that have come to define 20th-century culture - the mass media - as the true site within which modern architecture was produced. She considers architectural discourse as the intersection of a number of systems of representation such as drawings, models, photographs, books, films and advertisements. This does not mean abandoning the architectural object, the building, but rather looking at it in a different way. The building is understood here in the same way as all the media that frame it, as a mechanism of representation in its own right. With modernity, the site of architectural production literally moved from the street into photographs, films, publications and exhibitions - a displacement that presupposes a new sense of space, one defined by images rather than walls. This age of publicity corresponds to a transformation in the status of the private, Colomina argues; modernity is actually the publicity of the private. Modern architecture renegotiates the traditional relationship between public and private in a way that profoundly alters the experience of space. Colomina tracks this shift through the modern incarnations of the archive, the city fashion, war, sexuality, advertising, the window, and the museum, finally concentrating on the domestic interior that constructs the modern subject it appears merely to house.

How the Maya Built Their World: Energetics and Ancient Architecture

Abstract: List of Figures List of Tables Preface 1. Introduction 2. Background to Architectural Energetics at Copan 3. Maya Architectural Forms 4. The Energetics of Construction 5. Costs and the Construction Process 6. Energetics and the Hierarchy of Social Power 7. The Organization of Construction Labor 8. Architecture and Economics 9. Conclusions Appendix A. Costs per Task per Structure Appendix B. Reuse Savings References Index

Architecture: Art or Profession? : Three Hundred Years of Architectural Education in Britain

Abstract: From Wren's lodge to the neoclassical academy, 1660-1830 the design of professionalism and its resistance, 1834-1938 the Modernist academy, 1938-1960 the triumph of the paradigm.

Cities and Buildings: Skyscrapers, Skid Rows, and Suburbs

Abstract: In this text, Ford offers an account of the relationship between urban architecture - especially vernacular architecture - and the spatial arrangement and development of cities in North America. From office towers in the central business district to commercial strips in the "edge city", Ford shows how changes in the built environment parallel changes in urban economies and human culture. Focusing on ordinary structures rather than famous landmarks, the book aims to provide a guide to understanding the changing character of any urban landscape. Ford describes how the idea - as well as the appearance - of the modern city has changed with the evolution of buildings such as skyscrapers, skid-row hotels, single family bungalows and ranches, large apartment buildings, public-housing towers, motels, mini-malls and festival market-places. Through illustrated case studies of specific building types in particular places, Ford explores the conflicting forces of decline, revitalization and preservation that constantly transform the urban scene.

M: an architecture of integrated agents

Abstract: integrated Of Agents he study of software agents has resulted in a diverse set of views and realizations. One such view has focused on building a specialized agent that can assist a user by performing a specific task, such as scheduling a \" itinerary or ranking and presenting email and news or infosurfing (browsing or searching for information) over the Internet or reasoning bow to best support human-computer interactions [4, 9, 201. A second area of study concerns integrating the performance of sets of these specialized agenu [5]. For example, several individuals wishing to get together might have their respective agents schedule a meeting. Another approach to building a \" agent entails revising the role of the agent. In this case, I take the position that it takes many \" integrated agents \" to create a \" \" assistant. \" In such a \" approach, many different reasoning processes, so&ties of agents, are integrated in order to realize a software assistant capable of performing a broad range of tasks. This approach has resulted in the realization of M, a software assistant, \" who \" attempts to recognize, classify, index, store, retrieve , explain, and present information relating to human-computer interaction in a desktop multimedia conferencing environment. M is a software system that integrates muhi-pie \" reasoning agents \" whose collab-orative results serve to assist a user working together with other individuals in a \" electronic conference room. The domain of integrated and multistrategy reasoning and learning has been a \" active research area studied in a variety of problems and projects several recommended are [I-3, 6-8, 10, 11, 161. From my studies in this domain, the resulting design and implementation of M's architecture posed many interesting questions. How do you coordinate and manage a diverse set of agents? How do the agents communicate? What knowledge is required by a \" agent and is it shared with other agents? Do the agents know ofone another and if so, what relationships exist? Does a \" agent demonstrate \" intelligent \" behavior or does \" intelligent \" behavior emerge from the coexistence of the \" active \" state of the many diverse agents? In addressing these questions, a design theory for a \" architecture of integrated agents, influenced by Minsky's Society of Mind (SOM) theory [12, 131, was defined and implemented. In this work, aspects of spatial , structural, functional, temporal, causal, explanation-based, …

Structure and Architecture

Abstract: 'Structure and Architecture' is an essential textbook for students and practitioners of architecture and structural engineering. MacDonald explains the basic principles of structure and describes the ranges of structure types in current use. Furthermore, the book links these topics directly with the activity of architectural design and criticism. An update of the first edition, 'Structure and Architecture 2ed' includes a revised opening chapter, and a new section that discusses prominent buildings constructed since the last edition was published in 1994. Angus MacDonald deals with structures holistically, relating detailed topics back to the whole structure and building. He aims to answer the questions: What are architectural structures? How does one define the difference between the structure of a building and all of the other components and elements of which it consists? What are the requirements of structures? What is involved in their design? An understanding of the concepts involved in answering these questions and an appreciation of how the structure of a building functions enhances the ability of an individual to appreciate its architectural quality. This book is unique in that it discusses the structural component of architectural design in the context of visual and stylistic issues.

Rudolf Wittkower and Architectural Principles in the Age of Modernism

Abstract: To date Rudolf Wittkower9s Architectural Principles in the Age of Humanism of 1949 remains a fundamental evaluation of Renaissance architectural aesthetics. Although not unique in having achieved such paradigmatic status within its discipline, its simultaneous impact upon architectural production remains unprecedented. It is precisely the fact that this work captured the imagination of two traditionally distinct groups at a moment in history when exchanges between the two seemed least likely to occur that constitutes the starting point for this inquiry. Based upon an examination of Principles against the Renaissance literature it so categorically supplanted, against its art historical and broader intellectual context, as well as against contemporary architectural theory, the argument presented here proposes a deeper cultural continuity between the discourse of modernist architecture in the 1940s and 1950s and the readings of history that were conceived at the same time. In conclusion it is argued that beyond affording specific insight into the historicity of our constructions of the Renaissance, such a pattern of exchange between history writing and criticism/theory alerts us to the complex symbiosis that existed between these two reflective activities at the very heart of modernism itself.

Understanding Architecture: An Introduction to Architecture and Architectural History

Abstract: Foreword Professor Colin Stansfield Smith 1. Introduction 2. What is Architecture? 3. What is Architectural History? 4. Function, Space and the Interior 5. Environment Materials and Construction 6. The Exterior 7. Site and Place 8. Styles and Periods 9. Sources 10. Drawings, Models and Photographs APPENDICES I. Glossary II. Further Reading III. Useful Addresses

Case-based preliminary building design

Abstract: Note: Applied Computing Reference IMAC-ARTICLE-1994-001View record in Web of Science Record created on 2007-08-14, modified on 2016-08-08

The whiteboard architecture: a way to integrate heterogeneous components of NLP systems

Abstract: We present a new software architecture for NLP systems made of heterogeneous components, and demonstrate an architectural prototype we have built at ATR in the context of Speech Translation.

Architecture as a translation of music

Abstract: Pamphlet Architecture, begun in 1978 by William Stout and Steven Holl, has become a popular venue for publishing the works and thoughts of a younger generation of architects Small in scale, low in price, but large in impact, these books present and disseminate new and innovative theories

Invisible Gardens: The Search for Modernism in the American Landscape

Abstract: Invisible Gardens is a composite history of the individuals and firms that defined the field of landscape architecture in America from 1925 to 1975, a period that spawned a significant body of work combining social ideas of enduring value with landscapes and gardens that forged a modern aesthetic. The major protagonists include Thomas Church, Roberto Burle Marx, Isamu Noguchi, Luis Barragan, Daniel Urban Kiley, Stanley White, Hideo Sasaki, Ian McHarg, Lawrence Halprin, and Garrett Eckbo.They were the pioneers of a new profession in America, the first to offer alternatives to the historic landscape and the park tradition, as well as to the suburban sprawl and other unplanned developments of twentieth-century cities and institutions. The work is described against the backdrop of the Great Depression, the Second World War, the postwar recovery, American corporate expansion, and the environmental revolution.The authors look at unbuilt schemes as well as actual gardens, ranging from tiny backyards and play spaces to urban plazas and corporate villas. Some of the projects discussed already occupy a canonical position in modern landscape architecture; others deserve a similar place but are less well known. The result is a record of landscape architecture's cultural contribution - as distinctly different in history, intent, and procedure from its sister fields of architecture and planning - during the years when it was acquiring professional status and struggling to define a modernist aesthetic out of the startling changes in postwar America.

Architecture in Conservation: Managing Development at Historic Sites

Abstract: One of the problems faced by heritage organizations and museums is adapting old buildings to their needs or building new ones to fit in with historic sites. How exactly do you create a visitor's centre at Stonehenge? The real difficulty lies where the budget is minimal, and the potential damage to the environment or setting enormous. Architecture in Conservation looks at the need of the heritage industry to respond sensitively to the limitations or potentials of the environment. James Strike explains the strategies for producing new development at historic sites, examining the philosophy of conservation practive and stressing the importance of taking into account the characteristics of each individual site. He explains the way in which the methods of producing good developments relate to our very perception of history, and addresses the practical problems involved in developing appropriate sites, including the current architectural interest in pastiche versus modern design. Case studies from around the world demonstrate the potential of each approach. James Strike draws on his broad experience as an architect at English Heritage to show that a sensitive approach to these issues can unlock conservation problems and open up new opportunities for architectural expansion. Architecture in conservation will be of considerable interest to site owners and architects responsible for site development, and to students of architecture, history and building practice and is intended as a handbook for those responsible for commissioning heritage work.

Style-Architecture and Building-Art Transformations of Architecture in the Nineteenth Century and its Present Condition

Abstract: This text attempts to define the elements of early modernist architecture according to notions of realism and simplicity. Although the author, Hermann Muthesius, is perhaps most well-known in Anglo-American architectural literature for his studies of the English house, his work constituted a wide-ranging modernist polemic emanating from the German realist movement of the late 1890s. Notions introduced in the book became common in later modernist historiography: disdain for the 19th century's artistic eclecticism and lack of originality; appreciation of the material and industrial aspects of building technology; and a simpler approach to design. Muthesius' critique of stylistic architecture is not only linked to the development of the Deutsche Werkbund movement, but also can be viewed more broadly as a cornerstone of the modern movement. The introduction by Standford Anderson situates Muthesius and his work in turn-of-the-century architectural discourse and analyzes his vision of a new form of architecture. Anderson also discusses the rationale underlying the call for cultural renewal, the role of English architectural models in Muthesius's thought, critical differences between the first and second editions of "Style-Architecture and Building-Art", the influence of the Jugendstil and art nouveau movements on Muthesius and, in turn, the influence of Muthesius on the Deutsche Werkbund movement.